More handpicked essays just for you.
Interrogation police introduction to
Psychological tactics interrogation
Interrogation police introduction to
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Interrogation police introduction to
Thank you for reading and providing an excellent response. Granted, most interrogation methods appear to violate a person’s 5th Amendment right. But, when conducting further research of the mode, methods, and techniques utilized during an interrogation it does not violate a person’s right. Consequently, techniques utilized by clandestine organization have caused for a great concern the violation of a person(s) 5th Amendment right. Additionally, the intelligence community, composed of 17 different organizations that differ in objective. But all have one thing in common, the safety of the United State National Security. Each component within the Intelligence community (IC) conducts their specific method of information collection, analysis, and dissemination. The other interest all components within the intelligence has in common is combating terrorism, by means of counter measures. Furthermore, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) can conduct counterterrorism activities that appear unconventional. However, many of their …show more content…
Their actions are legal, but the borderline illegal. However, every operation conducted is planned and approved by a high-ranking official within the government. So, if an illegal act appears to be committed the risk lays on the approving authority. The EO 12333 is a document produced to protect the sanctity of the intelligence community and the conduct of intelligence operations. As with any order, they do not express the full extent of outlining all variables that may present itself during intelligence collection operations. Therefore, some executive orders become interpretations of what is the underline meaning of the order. Additionally, that is why an untrained person(s) may conclude that an illegal act has taken
In this paper I’m going to discuss what is the 6th amendment right, the elements of ineffective counsel, how judges deem a person as ineffective counsel from an effective counsel, cases where defendants believed their counsel was ineffective and judges ruled them effective. I will also start by defining what is the 6th amendment right and stating the elements of an ineffective counsel. The 6th amendment is the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury if the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause if the accusation; to be confronted with the witness against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense (U.S. Constitution). There were two elements to ineffective assistance of counsel: a defendant must prove that his or her trial attorney/ lawyer performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors the results of the proceeding would have been different (Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 1984).
NB: I would like to state a couple of points on the CIA’s drone operations. The CIA is not limited by war zones and is sanctioned to conduct covert operations in any area that is considered significant. Moreover, the executive branch does not blatantly sanction CIA operations without pondering over the information presented to it. Also, there is a congressional oversight committee that sets parameters in which the organization can operate within; these are usually agreed behind closed doors or during classified sessions. This does not mean that all participants concerned do not make bad judgment calls seldom.
The act of interrogation has been around for thousands of years. From the Punic Wars to the war in Iraq, interrogating criminals, prisoners or military officers in order to receive advantageous information has been regularly used. These interrogation techniques can range from physical pain to emotional distress. Hitting an individual with a whip while they hang from a ceiling or excessively questioning them may seem like an ideal way to get them to reveal something, but in reality it is ineffective and . This is because even the most enduring individual can be made to admit anything under excruciating circumstances. In the Fifth Amendment of the Bill of Rights there is a provision (“no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself” ) which reflects a time-honored common principle that no person is bound to betray him or herself or can be forced to give incriminating evidence. This ideology of self-incrimination has been challenged heavily over the past s...
The DIA started in 1958. The organizational structure of the DoD and U.S. foreign intelligence came to a new shape with the establishment of DIA. It was Robert McNamara, then Secretary of Defense, who came up with the concept of DIA in 1961. DIA gathers human source intelligence, analyzes technical intelligence, distributes intelligence/reports to the intelligence agencies, provides advice and support to the Joint Chiefs of Staff with foreign military intelligence, and provides military intelligence to combatant commands as its operational functions. A DIA director is supposed to be a three-star military general and DIA is believed to have employed at least 7,500 staff worldwide today. The DIA is a defense intelligence agency that prevents strategic surprises and delivers a decision advantage to warfighters, defense planners, and to policymakers. This paper will try to evaluate DIA’s role in US national security in present condition of massive budget deficits and increased congressional oversight, plus the intelligence capabilities of the Regional Combatant Commanders and the individual services like CIA and NSA.
The Central Intelligence Agency The CIA is one of the U.S. foreign intelligence agencies, responsible for getting and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. government. The State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research and the Defense Department's Defense Intelligence Agency comprise the other two. Its headquarters is in Langley, Virginia, across the Potomac River from D.C. The Agency, created in 1947 by President Harry S. Trueman, is a descendant of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) of World War 2. The OSS was dissolved in October 1945 but William J. Jonavan, the creator of the OSS, had submitted a proposal to President Roosevelt in 1944.
Miranda v. Arizona is a very important activist decision that required police to inform criminal suspects of their rights before they could be interrogated. These rights include: the right to remain silent, that anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law, you have a right to an attorney, if you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed to you be the court. In this case the Fifth Amendment's right that a person may not be forced to incriminate one's self was interpreted in an activist way as meaning that one must be aware of this right before on is interrogated by the police. Prior to this ruling it was common practice to force and coerce confessions from criminal suspects who did not know they had the right not to incriminate themselves.
"Central Intelligence Agency." The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, 10 July 2013. Web. 30 July 2013. .
Throughout the course of history, wars have been fought with Nation-state’s armies. Along with traditional armies came along traditional intelligence gathering by the armies themselves. Throughout history much of the intelligence gathered was by both the army and private citizens. This is only the beginning. In the Post 9/11 world the need for intelligence gathering is far from being satisfied. This leaves a wide open gap in the system and to fill that gap many private agencies such as Stratfor, Global Strategies Group and iJET have moved in and started to fill. The question that seems to pop up from many places is the legal standing of these agencies and who exactly governs their activities? Is the answer to move more intelligence operations to the private sector?
Another problem when dealing with intelligence operations is that during an operation the agent is not allowed to collect, analyze, or disseminate any information that may be incidentally collected on a United States citizen. When the United States Marine Corps collects intelligence for operations on military bases with aerial photography, there must be expressed written permission by neighboring communities that may be photographed in conjunction with the collection methods (OpsO VMU-1). There are times when intelligence is collected while in training areas that bordering communities may be depicted as well. These individual families or businesses must each approve of being possibly viewed during surveillance, as long as they are not the actual target of the intelligence gathering operation. The same rules of engagement apply while in combat situations.
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) consists of personnel who are the human intelligence organization of the United States. They provide national security intelligences to senior US policy makers. This is a very important group of individuals and the information they provide is very vital in the constant monitoring of information. In the past they have had many issues such as insuring that they data they are providing is accurate and reliable when its presented to the upper chain of command.
Intelligence collection and apprehension of criminals have occurred for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were performed by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of the government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels aid in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence gathered to protect national security and law enforcement intelligence are kept separately. Even though law enforcement operations can strengthen intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information does not leak or is not compromised when sharing intelligence. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss the expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations.
The Central Intelligence Agency was created September 18, 1947, with the National Security Act. The authors of the Call to Freedom textbook, Sterling Stuckey, and Linda Salvucci, define the CIA as, “A secretive organization created by the National Security Act in 1947”. The author of “Cold War: Almanac”, Sharon M. Hanes, states clearly what the purpose of the CIA is, “In the United States, responsibility for gathering intelligence and carrying out spy operations, often called covert operations, in foreign countries fell to the CIA”. This makes the CIA and FBI different. The FBI interferes with issues in the United States while the CIA interferes with international issues.
In response to the failure the CIA has directed many of its new recruits to assignments involving the Russians. However, this process will take a number of years due to the training required for the new agents to learn the Russian language and become able to recruit and manage spies (Miller, 2016). Although the CIA is responsible for monitoring the Russians abroad, those who are in the United States fall under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). In a successful operation in 2010, the FBI arrested a group of ten Russian spies who had been operating in the United States for a number of years (Markon, J., 2010). The arrest of 10 spies was a great success for the FBI. However, given the amount of people arrested at a single times in concerning. What is even more concerning is why an arrest of this magnitude did not raise concern to the CIA. As recent as last year Congress has allocated more funding to the CIA for operation in Russia, However, the agency has not been able to utilize the funds due to a lack of authority which is granted by President (Miller,
‘Even within the US intelligence community, however, some confusion and disagreement about counterintelligence persists. For example, it is often misunderstood as another name for security’. (Wasemiller, A. C.,1969)
Intelligence is one of the first lines of defense tool used by the United States to protect the Country against both foreign and domestic threats (Johnson, 2010). It proved to be veritable tool during the World War II and during the cold war against the USSR. There are many ways and methods of intelligence collections employed by the intelligence community, such as “spies, eavesdropping, technical sources, and openly available materials” etc. (Clark, 2013). Method used also depends on many factors such as available resources, time, agency involved, and intelligence collection source. Each intelligence agencies use different collection and analytical method that suit their collection function, structure and process. For example, DNI/OSC