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Importance of critical and creative thinking to students
Essays on the utility of critical thinking
Literature review of critical thinking
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This literature review will examine the emergence of critical thinking in history and its impact on education. Early work in critical thinking and methods for teaching critical thinking will be reviewed as well as modern day use of critical thinking. Finally, this paper will examine the benefits of critical thinking in the classroom. Purpose of critical thinking Dr. Richard Paul (2006) defines critical thinking as the “disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances.” It is essentially using the best information available to make the best decisions possible. Critical thinking relies on one’s ability to ask themselves questions about a given topic or situation and be critical of the answers those questions generate. This can lead to questions based on previous questions. These should result in a deeper understanding of the topic or situation at hand. At the very least, one realizes that they need further information before they can make the right decision. If critical thinking is practiced properly the thinker is being a critic of his own thoughts at all times, deciding if they are fair-minded and appropriate. This requires intellectual humility and discipline that is developed over time and with practice (Paul 2006). History of Critical Thinking Over 2,500 years ago Socrates was challenging intellectuals of his time through series of questions which ultimately explored the depth and logic of their ideas. This probing questioning often uncovered many public speakers as smooth talkers with shallow ideas, inadequate evidence and self-contradictory ideas (Paul, 1997). Socrates believed that one cannot simply take the word of those in authority to ... ... middle of paper ... ...vation. Electronic Journal Of Research In Educational Psychology, 9(2), 823-848. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Learn the tools the best thinkers use. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Crenshaw, P. (2011). Producing Intellectual Labor In The Classroom: The Utilization Of A Critical Thinking Model To Help Students Take Command Of Their Thinking. Journal Of College Teaching & Learning, 8(7), 13-26. King, A. (1994). Inquiry as a Tool in Critical Thinking. Changing college classrooms: new teaching and learning strategies for an increasingly complex world (pp. 13-38). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Paul, R., Elder, L., & Bartell, T. (1997). California Teacher Preparation for Instruction in Critical Thinking: Research Findings and Policy Recommendations. Sacramento, Calif.: Commission on Teacher Credentialing, State of California.
The article, “Critical Thinking? You Need Knowledge” by Diane Ravitch, discusses how in the past people have been deprived from the thinking process and abstract thinking skills. Students need to be given more retainable knowledge by their teachers to improve their critical thinking skills. (Ravitch).
The Critical Thinking Community defines critical thinking as, “the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication,
The author Vincent Ruggiero defines critical thinking in his book Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking, as a “search for answers, a quest.” It is the idea that one does not accept claims, ideas, and arguments blindly, but questions and researches these things before making a decision on them. From what I learned in class, critical thinking is the concept of accepting that there are other people and cultures in this world that may have different opinions. It is being able to react rationally to these different opinions.
Critical thinking occurs when a person thinks about a subject or problem to where the improvement of the quality of ones own thinking using skillful analogies, then assessing and reconstructing them. A few important skills that is learned through critical thinking is learning how to discipline oneself in thinking, understanding the world as well as learning themselves. Critical thinking in the business world has many benefits in the process of decision making by employers as well as employees.
Snyder and Snyder’s article indicates that critical thinking is a skill that can be learned, developed, and practiced through instructions. The authors also discussed that critical thinking shall be regularly integrated into the curriculum for the students to be able to participate in active learning. In this journal article, it proposes that by using instructional strategies, students can actively engage themselves in the learning process instead of solely depending on memorization and lecture. Learning by memorization isn’t acquiring knowledge or skills; it will be merely forgotten
The world of critical thinking is filled with many theories and beliefs for self-improvement. Each author has their own belief of what Critical Thinking is, and opinions can vary greatly, the one notion everyone seems to agree on is there is not enough of it going on. Critical thinking skills are in extremely high demand because this; Christian Fisher writes “According to "Forbes," It’s a leadership skill required by 90 percent of the most in-demand jobs created since 2010.” Making it that much more important for everyone to hone their skill. A large factor to becoming a Critical Thinker is honest self-criticism and evaluation of your personal skills. This essay will evaluate my critical thinking skills and what stage of development I believe
Questions are something that must be asked and can be very important when reading a literary work, watching a movie, or just simply trying to understand the habits of people today. Asking questions opens up the human brain to dig farther and deeper into the meaning of why someone did something in a specific way and what purpose it has that something must be done in that way. Critical thinking is asking question and trying to hypothesize on what the answer to that question might be. Critically thinking is a healthy aspect of opening up the brain and will improve one’s thought process on how to apply critical thinking in situations where it is dependent, like a future
Critical thinking is thinking about how we think. In this paper I will demonstrate my developing intellectual traits by identifying and describing my perceived stage of critical thinking development, as described by the Stages of Development of Critical Thinking model. I will also reflect on the Critical Thinking class. I will talk about what I found useful and insightful. Diving into my Thought First before I state where I believe I am in the stages of critical thinking, we must first look at the first four stages of development.
Critical thinking is a significant and essential topic in recent education. The strategy of critical thinking skills helps identify areas in one's courses as the suitable place to highlight, expand and use some problems in exams that test students' critical thinking skills.
Paul R. (1995). Critical thinking: How to prepare students for a rapidly changing world. Santa Rosa, CA: Foundation for Critical Thinking.
Critical thinking is the careful scrutiny of what is stated as true or what appears to be true and the resulting expression of an opinion or conclusion based on that scrutiny, and (2) the creative formulation of an opinion or conclusion when presented with a question, problem or issue, (Kist-Ashman, 2011, p. 33).
What is not easily recognized is the fact that the very fabric of life is dependent on the ability to think properly and make good decisions. Improper thinking is costly in the quality of life and monetarily. The result of a critical thinker that has worked to cultivate proper thinking skills includes: the ability to ask vital questions and to identify problems with clarity. A critical thinker also collects relevant information while effectively interpreting it, thinks with an open mind, uses alternative systems of thought, and understands how to communicate while working to formulate a strong solution. In summary, critical thinking is self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. Above all else, the standards of excellence are rigorous, and it entails the prospect of overcoming the challenge of sociocentrism and
Rudd, R. (2007). Defining critical thinking. Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers, 82(7) 46-49. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from EBSCOhost database.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and
Critical thinking regularly involves the capability to interpret information and make knowledgeable decisions based on such information. Additionally, problem solving is frequently theorised as the use of critical thinking skills towards the effective solution of a specific problem or towards a specific end goal. Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances. The general goal of thinking is to figure out some situation” (Critical Thinking, 2001, p.1), solve some problem, answer some questions, or resolve some issue. It also is a process in which a person pursuits reliable and pertinent information about the world. Critical thinking is often described as reasonable, ruminative, trustworthy, and a well-practiced form of thinking that assists people with deciding what they should believe in and what actions should be taken. A practiced critical thinker will ask good questions, collects pertinent data, categorizes common characteristics, logically reasons with the new data and then he or she will come to a trustworthy and dependable conclusion. Critical thinking makes use of many processes and procedures. Some processes include but is not limited to asking questions, making judgments, and identifying