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Ella Scatted Her Way to the Top of the World
The early 1900's was a violent and horrible time to look back at. Americans have came a long way since then. America couldn't have gone through a more rough time. From racism and discrimination to the Great Depression. At the time African Americans were looked down upon by some people of different races. Hate crimes were common as well as discrimination in restaurants and other public places. A common quote from the time was “Separate but equal”, which was not at all true. There were many people that worked to end the racism and hate amongst some Americans. One of these many people that was able to change the way blacks were looked at by some was Ella Fitzgerald, the popular Jazz singer born in 1918. Ella was able to change the way blacks were treated and looked at by her beautiful voice and positive outlook on everything life had to offer her. From performing in places people of her time would never have imagined to getting an award from President Ronald Reagan himself, The Queen of Jazz did it all. Ella Fitzgerald changed the face of African American outlook through singing multiple genres, having fans of all races, and accomplishing many goals that blacks were never expected to accomplish.
One of the first ways she changed the outlook on African American music was by singing different genres. She brought life and soul to every song she even muttered. This all began when she was dared to do a contest around age 16. That's when everyone knew she was going far and the world was going to know her name. She was one of the first female Jazz singers (David Norman). She sang a numerous amount of genres, although she's mainly remembered for jazz. Fitzgerald also performed scat, pop,...
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...harts for seventeen weeks” (David Norman). That one album changed he life along with thousand or even millions of other peoples lives. As an old woman Fitzgerald said “I just want to smell the air, listen to the birds, and hear Alice laugh.” Ella Fitzgerald did much more than that. She left her footprints on Earth forever.
Woodard 5
Works Cited
Baugham, Judith. American Decades. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Biography in Context. Web.
Contemporary Black Biography Vol. 18. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Print
David, Norman. The Ella Fitzgerald Companion. West port: Praeger, 2004. Web.
“Ella Fitzgerald.” The official site of the first lady of song. n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014
Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale, 1992. Web
Pendergast, Sara and Tom. St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. Print
Epstein, Dan. 20th Century Pop Culture: The Early Years to 1949. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001. Print.
the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. Ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 296-304. Print.
The Levin Institute - The State University of New York. "Pop Culture." Globalization101. The Levin Institute - The State University of New York, 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
Women’s sufferage was at it’s peak with the ratification of the United States Nineteenth Amendment. Women recived more independence after the end of the First World War and took a greater part in the work force. In the 1920s, there were many famous women Jazz artists such as Lovie Austin, a piano player and band leader, Lil Hardin Armstrong, a pianist who was originally a member of King Oliver’s band, and Bessie Smith, an African-American blues singer who inspired women like Billie Holiday and Janis Joplin. Although women were also making a difference in the Jazz industry, it wasn’t until the 1930s when they were recongnized as successful artists in the music world.
...ieved much in her short life, including having won a Grammy. Although her life was cut short at the age thirty nine, that did not stop her legacy. She helped to pave a path for all African Americans in the future. For example, Diana Ross; she grew up in the housing projects and found her voice also in church. She eventually got signed to a record deal and was at one point declared the most successful female singer of all time. Being a big hit also brought in much money for Washington. Some of this money helped to financially support Martin Luther King Jr. in his fight for Civil Rights for all African Americans. Therefore, since Dinah Washington overcame the prejudice and became a huge success, she showed all that whatever a white could do, an African American could also do. She showed that no matter what race, with hard work and dedication, anything is possible.
She began recording numerous hits that were featured on Billboard Top Songs. One of which named, Embrance You, landed into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2005. The remaining years of Billie Holiday’s social life began to spiral downward. From the thousands of dollars she would make from her performances, she would buy heroin to contribute to her addiction.
Dorenkamp Angela G. Images of Women in American Popular Culture. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.
Known as the “Empress Of Blues”, Bessie Smith was said to have revolutionized the vocal end of Blues Music. She showed a lot of pride as an independent African-American woman. Her style in performance and lyrics often reflected her lifestyle. Bessie Smith was one of the first female jazz artists, and she paved the way for many musicians who followed.
Aretha Franklin is a well known pop, R&B, and gospel singer. She has been nicknamed “The Queen of Soul” and is an internationally known artist and a symbol of pride in the African American community. Her popularity soared in 1967 when she released an album containing songs “I Never Loved a Man”, “Respect”, and “Baby I Love You.” Throughout her career she has achieved fifteen Grammy Awards, Lifetime Achievement Award, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Legend Awards, and many Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. In 1987 she became the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Time magazine chose her as one of the most influential artists and entertainers of the 20th century. She sang at Dr. Martin Luther King’s funeral and at former President Bill Clinton’s inaugural party. Although she has all these accomplishments and awards there are other reasons that have driven Franklin to fame and landed her on the front cover of Time magazine on June 28, 1968. The reasons I believe allowed Aretha Franklin to become so successful are the following: Her family’s involvement with religion, the inspiring people that surrounded her, and the pain she suffered.
Ella Fitzgerald, has not only inspired me, but also many other people.She is a huge inspiration to many musicians, artists and even regular people. Ella set the grounds for jazz and blues all over the world. She sang a form of jazz called scat (this was notes thrown together using nonsense syllables put together right on the spot). She was very famous for her scat singing. Ella Fitzgerald worked hard and patiently to reach her goals. Ella Fitzgerald, is a huge inspiration to many musicians, artists and even regular people. She was able to overcome many troubles and was confident she would get where she wanted to go. Although Ella is no longer alive, her music is still alive in many people's hearts.
Information about Ella Fitzgerald prior to her singing career remains quite ambiguous. There are no written autobiographies, memoirs and not much evidence of her childhood written down. Unlike Louis Armstrong, she did not want to make her past known to her public because she was ashamed by of the poverty and struggle she faced before her fame. Only interviews with childhood friends, family and of musicians who knew her off the stage are what are left to help reveal a more in depth look into her life.
Relationships between races were very sketchy during the early 1900s. Racism was still very strong in the country, and ethnic groups settled in an area and created their own little communities. Harlem, New York was a black community in the north, many of the people having settled there because the north held many economic opportunities. Yet despite racism, cultures flourished. The Harlem Renaissance, a flowering of black culture in the 1920s, is a great example. Jazz music sprung up in the 20s, which lead to the popularity of people such as Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, and Duke Ellington. The Cotton Club, located in Harlem, was a popular site to hear some of these people. White bands soon introduced a milder version of the black jazz they had picked up. Soon music and dancing that was popular amongst the blacks became popular among the white Americans. The literary movement was just as important as the music. Young writers created many novels, poems, and short stories that talked about the black experience. Among these people were Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, James Johnson, and Claude McKay, leading Harlem poets of the 20s. Yet, despite what one would think, the Harlem Renaissance depended largely on white patronage. Alienated white intellectuals and rebellious youth practically idolized Harlem's black performers, writers, and artists for their "primitive" energy and supposed sensuality. Yet, they ignored the complex social problems the ghetto had. For example, Harlem's jazz clubs actually excluded black customers. Langston Hughes's white patron would only support him if his poems evoked the "African soul", but dropped him when he began to write of black working people in New York and Kansas City. Also, there were many people speaking out for black rights. One example is in Document I, where Rev. F. J. Grimke gave a welcome back speech to black soldiers returning from France after World War I and told them they needed to speak up for their rights. Another example is Marcus Garvy, leader of the United Negro Improvement Association, stirred up trouble in Harlem.
Strinati, D. (2004). An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture (pp. 52-79). New York, NY USA: Taylor & Francis.
Discrimination and slavery filled our nation in the mid 19th century. African Americans were discriminated and seen as “property,” not human beings. Harriet Tubman was a history maker. She rebelled against the slavery standards and
Seger, Linda. "Creating the Myth." Signs of Life in the U.S.A.: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. 4th ed. Ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. 316-325.