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The current political climate in Egypt
Political and economic issues in Egypt
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A. Background and UN Involvement
Almost a year ago, Egypt broke into civil unrest when protesters flooded Tahrir Square, demanding the end of Hosnia Mubarak’s regime. Although Mubarak stepped down within two weeks, Egypt is worse off today than it was last January. The Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF), which played a vital role in the January revolution, has now become a violent and oppressive force. On the twenty-ninth of December 2011, the SCAF raided seventeen Egyptian, German, and US run NGOs in search of proof of illegal foreign funding.1 In a statement (A/HRC/18/NGO/77) submitted by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS), the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR), and the Center for Egyptian Women’s Legal Assistance, it was reported that the ruling military council was illegally monitoring NGOs’ bank transactions and the NGOs claimed that they were being targeted by the SCAF.
In addition, the SCAF is reluctant to shift power to a civilian government. When the SCAF took power in mid-February, it declared that it would only hold power for six-months, or until elections could be held. Currently, the SCAF insists on holding power until the constitution is written and presidential elections are held, another six months from now.2 Some Egyptians believe that the SCAF is trying to delay the constitution writing process, so that it can hold power for a longer period of time. Another increasingly urgent issue is police brutality against protesters, especially women. During the “Maspero Demonstrations” on October ninth 2011, peaceful Egyptian protesters in Maspiro were attacked by military police, resulting in 25 deaths and 272 injuries.3 In response to images of soldiers beating up and stripping women...
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... protests and the SCAF. Hopefully, through these talks, Egyptian civilians will be able to give their input in a nonviolent and un-confrontational way. Germany also offers to Egypt its assistance in elections or other democratic processes to speed up the transfer of power to a civilian government. Through these solutions, peace and order will be restored to Egypt and the people of Egypt will be free and prosperous.
Works Cited
1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16357795
2 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12443678
3http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/10/world/meast/egypt-protest-clashes/index.html?hpt=wo_c2
4 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/21/world/middleeast/violence-enters-5th-day-as-egyptian-general-blames-protesters.html?pagewanted=all
5 http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes/Aegypten_node.html
Any study on Modern Egyptian history naturally begins with Nasser, Egypt’s first President after the Free Officers revolution in 1952. Nasser was the foremost proponent of pan-Arabism, an ideology that called for close ties between the Arab states, presumably under the leadership of Egypt, one of the most powerful states in the Middle East at the time. Compared to other states in the Arab World, Nasser’s Egypt was stable, militarily powerful, and independent of foreign influence. From this position of re...
First, political Islam has rogue Egypt and held it down, suffocating the country, not allowing it to stand a chance. President Hosni Mubarak was ousted and people thought that Egypt was getting better. It has not been the case. While Zaki lives in faded luxury and chases women, Bothayna endures sexual harassment while working as a shop assistant to provide for her poor family after the death of her father. Meanwhile her boyfriend, Taha, son of the building's janitor, is rejected by the police and decides to join a radical Islamic group. Egypt is heading towards a bottomless abyss. Everything is controlled by the elite. Jobs are no more; it is preserved for the top. This increases the plight of the people and leads them into committing some of the acts seen in Islam as bad or as a taboo. The political elite are crashing its opponents and ensuring that whoever com...
Ridel, B, 'The real losers in Egypt's uprising', The Daily Best Online, 13 February 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011< http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2011-02-13/al-qaeda-absent-in-hosni-mubaraks-fall-and-egyptian-revolution/>
The country I decided to research is Egypt. Egypt is located in northern Africa along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The majority of the country however is located in northeastern Africa, but its Sinai Peninsula extends out into Southwest Asia, connecting the two continents. European nations wanted to colonize Egypt because it was considered to be a treasure, due to its fertile land and production of crops, such as: wheat, fruits, vegetables, corn, and cotton. Also because of its strategic location at the head of the Red Sea, that appeared valuable to countries such as Britain and France. Another reason was because they wanted to control Egypt in order to secure the main route to India, Malaya, Australia, New Zealand and to Hong Kong.This route was known as the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was viewed as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa. It also connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, built mainly with French money from private interest groups using Egyptian labor. Egypt was also targeted due to its weak economy and government, making it an easy target to imperialize. Egypt was colonized three times each by different civilizations. It was colonized by the Ottomans in 1517, by the French in 1799, and by the British in 1882. A key person involved in Egypts colonization was Muhammad Ali. After taking power in 1805, he strengthened the army and focused on cultivating the land. He also increased trade with Europe and sent officials to Britain to be educated.
The French Revolution evokes many different emotions and controversial issues in that some believe it was worth the cost and some don't. There is no doubt that the French Revolution did have major significance in history. Not only did the French gain their independence, but an industrial revolution also took place. One of the main issues of the Revolution was it's human costs. Two writers, the first, Peter Kropotkin who was a Russian prince, and the other Simon Schama, a history professor, both had very opposing views on whether the wars fought by France during the Revolution were worth it's human costs. Krapotkin believed that the French Revolution was the main turning point for not only France but for most other countries as well. On the other hand, Schama viewed the French Revolution as unproductive and excessively violent.
The Egyptian revolution was started like any other revolution; the people had a problem with the unfairness of the government. Hosni Mubarak had been in power for 30 years nearly half a lifetime of control. There were multiple attempts to remove him from power, but they were stopped with military force. Near the end of his rule he began to express excessive control of the politics of his people. Declaring that no religious associated groups would be able to hold any political power, with this law he eliminated his biggest rival, the Muslim Brotherhood. Up until 2005 Mubarak did not allow for anyone to run against him as president. He only had a vote for his approval to stay in office. With other opponents running he rigged the elections and
In 1632, there were French Catholic missionaries that were sent to New France to convert the First Nations into Catholics and to save them from being savages, and they would do this by forcing them to live their way, these people were called the Jesuits. They would also have to make them our allies. When the Jesuits got to New France and went on with their mission, they wrote journals and reports on their progress that would be sent back to their homeland, these documents are known as The Jesuit Relations. Their information might have been inflated due to the fact that their stories were being sold and it was probably written in a way that they would be able sell a lot of copies. The way these documents were written
Early 2011 uprisings swept across the Middle East and North Africa, and many rebellions are still going on today. The Arab region has seen revolts and conflict since the 1800‘s, but only recently have these revolts been redirected to the problems of Arab society (Ghannam, J. 2011 pg 4-5)The Arab Spring Uprising was first sparked in Tunisia and eventually struck Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and then spread to other countries. Citizens throughout these countries were dissatisfied with the rule of their local governments. Issues like human rights violations, political corruption, economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, dictators...
How did imperialism manage to bring both disaster and success to Egypt? The morals of imperialism are mixed; it all depends on perspective. It brought along famines, heavy taxes, and many others to Egypt. On the other hand, it opened up trade routes from Britain to Asia and India, formed a steady supply of cotton for Britain, etc. (period6-5imperialism10.wikispaces.com, Egypt) In the beginning, Egypt actually tried to modernize itself, as an attempt to ward off European dominance (Modern World History, 354), but debts and other financial problems drove it into Britain’s arms. So how was Egypt affected by this? As a result of imperialism, Egypt received aid on some of the current problems, but were faced with many more new ones.
The definition of revolution is an overthrow of a government in favor of a new one. Two significant revolutions are the American and Egyptian Revolutions. There were numerous momentous reasons to revolt but the most compelling were that the colonists were ready to rid of British rule in the American Revolution, and the Egyptians were through with Mubarak’s regime and wanted democracy. Though centuries apart these revolutions hold many similarities and differences in terms of reasons to revolt, methods of rebellion, and the outcome.
Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations in the world that appeared before writing and chronicling history. It was settled by primitive peoples from ancient times back to the Late Stone Age (110 thousand years BC). Egypt is also famous for archeology and art, most notably the pyramids.
Zayan, J. (2011, February 14). Egypt Activists and Army Discuss Reforms. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 7, 2013, from http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/egypt-activists-and-army-discuss-reforms-20110214-1as8u.html
Freedom: something taken for granted by citizens all over the first world countries. The struggle for freedom all around the world is a very real one. Recently, the fight for freedom has taken the oppressed by storm. All over the globe, there have been many examples of people fed up with corruption and ready to take control of their lives and the lives of their children. This is evident through the struggles for freedom seen in Syria, Egypt, Tunisia, and most recently Ukraine. It’s 2014 and governments controlled by a central authority or dictator are still prevalent. Countries all over the world have been isolated and stripped of their individual voices. The struggle for freedom coexists with the struggle of finding a voice. A voice is what the Libyan people found in February of 2011 when they started protests against a regime that ruled for forty-two years in isolated dictatorship. Three years later, the very same voice that liberated them is one of the gigantic obstacles they’re facing in establishing a functioning government in the country. This emphatic voice that has been silenced for 42 years by an iron-fisted rule is now louder than ever. The consensus is that they want an operational democracy in place as soon as possible. But three years have passed, and the country is more restless than ever. The country is completely dysfunctional and there is no telling what the people will do next if a stable democratic constitution isn’t in place soon. They’ve just ousted their fourth prime minister in less than three years and casualties are increasing by the day. The current Libyan situation is widely attributed to the 2011 revolution. That being said, understanding how the 2011 revolution happened and why it unfolded the way it...
Metz, H. C. (1990). Egypt: A Country Study. (Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, Ed.) Retrieved from Country Studies: http://countrystudies.us/egypt/15.htm
Fast forward to present day Egypt, where the Brotherhood was actually founded in the first place. The conflict between these North African countries and the Brotherhood has not lightened at all. In fact, it is at this time worse than ever before. For example, just last month (April 28, 2014), 683 individuals were ...