The Effects of Dental Amalgam on the Environment
The disposal of dental amalgam, specifically the mercury component, has become a controversial topic in the past twenty years. Due to the concern this issue brings, many studies have taken place regarding the effect of mercury on the environment and in humans.
Amalgam is the most common material used in restorative dentistry due to its low cost, ease of use and stability (Chin et al., 2000). The basic ingredients include silver, tin, copper and mercury. Mercury is the most abundant component in amalgam and can be toxic in different forms, such as dust or vapor (Drummond, Cailas & Croke, 2003).
Amalgam waste is generated during placement and replacement of restorative materials. There are two types of amalgam waste: contact and non-contact amalgam. Contact amalgam includes amalgam that has been in contact with the tooth surface. Non-contact amalgam includes excess material that was either not placed in the restoration or left in the capsule that the amalgam came in. Contact amalgam accounts for the majority of the contaminants in dental waste water, while non-contact amalgam is recyclable and can be used for refinement (Drummond et al., 2003)
Non-contact amalgam is not considered to be a health hazard if stored and recycled properly. The mercury component can be hazardous in a dust or vapor form. To prevent detrimental effects from the vapor, amalgam should be stored in an airtight container. This scrap amalgam should also be stored in a liquid, which will prevent the breakdown of amalgam into its components. Water is the most common liquid used but radiographic fixer is considered to be more effective for amalgam storage and the prevention of degradation (Chin...
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...., & Meyer, D. M. (2006). Evaluating amalgam separators
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The quality of dental unit water is of considerable importance to patients and dental health care providers because they are exposed to water and aerosols generated from the dental unit during routine practice. (5,6) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—a US federal agency—and the American Dental Association have recommended that the output water from (DUWLs) should
Pit and fissure sealants are tooth coloured materials that are applied on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth in deep grooves, pits and fissures. They protect the tooth from various bacterial plaques in these caries prone areas of the teeth. The sealants protect these areas by sealing of the entrance to bacteria which give rise to dental caries in susceptible individuals especially in children. Pit and fissure sealants are now commonly being used due to the increase in the awareness among public about dental caries prevention
Teeth #1, 16, and 17 are unerupted. There is a PFM on tooth #22. There were two 3-unit bridges: teeth #19 through 21 with a gold abutment on tooth #19, the pontic on tooth #20 and a PFM abutment on tooth #21, as well as on teeth #23 through 25, with PFM abutments on teeth #23 and 25, and the pontic on tooth #24. The amalgam restorations are as follows: an MO on tooth #2 and an MOD on teeth #3 and 5. There are cervical composites on teeth #3 and 4. Tooth #15 was missing the crown. Tooth #13 was a root tip. There are class two furcations on the lingual surface of teeth #1, 18, and 19, and a class one furcation on the buccal surface of tooth #18. There is 2mm of recession on the facial surfaces of teeth #4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 29, 25, 26, and 27, as well as the lingual surfaces of teeth #3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 21, 22, 26, 27. There is 4mm of recession on the facial surfaces of teeth #3 and 23, as well as the lingual surfaces of teeth #12, 23, and 25. There is 6mm of recession on the facial surface of tooth #22. Teeth #3, 4, 18, 26, and 27 had attrition. There was erosion on the lingual and incisal surfaces of teeth #8 through
Although pure BPA is not utilized in dental resins, it has been demonstrated that bis-DMA has the ability to be hydrolyzed into BPA by salivary esterases.1 This is a potential cause for concern due to the many adverse health effects associated with BPA. These effects are presumably due to the ability of BPA to bind to nuclear estrogen receptors and interfere with endocrine signaling.1 Thus, it is of interest to determine the estrogenic potential of dental resins over time.
Ceramics are most commonly used in dental applications as restorative materials for crowns, cements and dentures.
In answering the PICO question, silver diamine fluoride is more effective at arresting dentinal caries than sodium fluoride varnish. In reviewing these research studies, SDF is an affordable, effaceable alternative to restorative treatment that can be particularly helpful in areas without much dental personal, equipment, or facilities. Further study is needed to determine the recommended interval, exact application, and longer term outcomes. In conclusion, research suggests SDF would be a great carries treatment solution for people around the world, especially those in disparity groups.
Note (Note): Tooth powder made from bentonite in glass jars because they keep the metal from the substance of their property is lose.
Dental sealants are a thin film that is used to coat the pits and fissures on your teeth. These areas are more susceptible to cavities because food can easily get stuck in these grooves. The film is not typically applied to smooth surfaces on your teeth. Dental sealants are ideal for children because they help to protect your child’s teeth from tooth decay at a young age. However, dental sealants do not last forever. They need to be taken care of in order to prevent premature chipping and breaking. Luckily, there are a few tips that you can use to prevent your child’s dental sealant from chipping.
Cavity contamination results in failure to achieve adhesion between the filling and the tooth and subsequent leakage at this interface. Although composite resins have become stronger and more resistant to wear, it's not clear whether they last as long as amalgam fillings under the pressure of chewing. The composite may shrink when placed, producing gaps between the tooth and the filling. This can lead to more cavities in areas where the filling is not making good contact with your tooth. The shrinkage is reduced when your dentist places this type of filling in thin layers. The cost of the composite resins is less than gold filling but more than amalgam
If you have mercury amalgam fillings, have them replaced with nontoxic materials by a certified biological dentist. If you have cancer, assume that the mercury contributed to the toxicity that caused it.
Throughout the history of dental medicine dentist have searched for the perfect material to aid in the treatment of the most common problem in people’s mouths, cavities. The material would also be useful in fixing chipped and broken teeth. Dentist needed a material that was strong, relatively low costing, easy to apply, durable, and able to limit the growth of bacteria. In the early 19th century in France dentist found their wonder material and that material was amalgam. The dental amalgam is constructed of a mixture of mercury and at least one other metal such as zinc, copper, tin, or silver. The combinations of these metals are the foundation of what gives silver amalgams their strong make up and shiny metallic appearance.
The existence of micro-leakage in dental restorations was first identified in scientific research in 19126. In a study done by Harper (1912), air pressure was used to penetrate the surface between an amalgam restoration and cavity preparation7. By applying pressure through a hole in the pulpal floor, Harper could quantify the amount of pressure needed to establish leakage through the emergence of bubbles from the margins of the restoration. Research has come a long way since Harper first recognized micro-leakage. Adaptations of new materials used when placing composite restorations like BondAband, a light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been shown to reduce marginal micro-leakage in posterior restorations8. A decrease in microleakage has also been shown with the use of an ...
Molinari, J., & Hart, J. (2010). How to Choose and Use Environmental Surface Disinfectants. Cottone's Practical Infection Control in Dentistry (Third Edition ed., pp. 185- 193). Philadelphia: Wolters Kumar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
This is a strong neurotoxic which it lethal if people absorb 0.2-0.4 grams into their body. The acute poisoning person see loss of appetite, need more water, salivation, vomiting, bloody and diarrhea, eye inflammation, gait instability, and other performances. It will cause by sudden death is mainly due to cardiac conduction system and spinal cord damage, and it also caused acute kidney failure(Basic). The propose of industries using mercury in mascara that they mixed mercury with chlorine, and get the production HgCl, this element can use as preservative, in order to extend the expire the day of the product. More importantly, mascara is used near the eyes, and eyes have the closest nerval connect with brand, which means mercury can easily go into people’s brand by blood circulation and causes irreversible damage, such as nervous prostration, increase violent tendencies and reducing IQ. In addition, by the time people absorbed mercury into body by whatever accident, mercury will stay in their body forever, there is no way to get rid of the mercury from inside of human’s body so far. Even though, mercury only take a little weight overall the ingredient, probably like 1/10000 grams in entire mascara. However, the potential damage of mercury bring to people cannot be ignored or avoided. Moreover, the worker is the biggest victim for those manufacturing that extract the mercury. Mercury only can extract by