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Compare locke and rousseau
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Compare and contrast Locke and Rousseau
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Introduction In this essay I am going to show my understanding of a child's early emotional development based on the psychoanalytical view of child development. I will show how emotional skills gained in the early years can be of a significant relevance to later life. I will show my understanding by illustrating it with the clinical material. Although I am focusing on the psychoanalytical approach to child development I believe that it is beneficial to present also some general background knowledge of child development. The Child as an Individual The child has not been perceived like an individual until the work of eighteen century philosophers Locke and Rousseau, who expressed their thoughts on paper about the child's ability to interact with the surrounding world (Cunningham, 1993). The research on child development has commenced followed by the observational work of changing behaviours in organisms by Charles Darwin. There are few fields within the child development science. One of them is represented by the psychoanalytical theory, which looks at the child emotional development within the context of social interaction and early attachments. This framework is called psychosocial as it looks on the emotional and social aspects. Running in parallel and influencing each other there are two more main areas, cognitive and physical. Although I am focusing on the aspects of the psychosocial development, it is important to remember that all these areas are being affected one by the other, where the development of the emotional skills plays central role in a regular development of cognitive and physical skills. Psychoanalytical Theories The psychoanalytical view on child development showed how early childhood experie... ... middle of paper ... ...Word count 2204 References : Bower, M. (2006). Psychoanalytic Theory for Social Work. New York : Routledge. Bowlby, J. (2005). A Secure Base. London and New York: Routledge Classics. Brazelton, B. & Cramer, B. (1990). The Earliest Relationship. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley. Cunningham, B. (1993). Child Development. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Miller, L.( ed) (1989). Closely Observed Infants. London : Duckworth. Karr-Morse, R., & Wiley, M. S. (1997). Ghost from the Nursery. New York : The Atlantic Monthly Press. Obholzer, A., & Roberts, V.Z. (1994). The Unconscious at Work : Individual and Organisational Stress in the Human Services. London: Routledge Stern, D. (1998). The Interpersonal World of the Infant. London : Karnac Books. Ward, A. et al. (2003). Therapeutic Communities for Children and Young People. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
At all levels of education children from deprived families achieve less well than their more well off counterparts.
In conclusion, psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory have much more discrepancies than similarities. On one hand, psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the importance of inner, sexual processes and states that development occurs in stages. It is criticised by lack of empirical evidence, focusing too much on infants’ sexuality and its specificity to western cultures. On the other hand, social learning theory base its assumptions on learned experience gained by environment. Development occurs gradually, as infants collect experiences. Both theories, contribute to understanding of children’s development.
Children grow, and develop at different rates, however most pass through developmental milestones during a predictable period, in order to move forward with developmental stages. Starting from birth babies are learning who they are everyday through interactions with others. From birth until death the interactions a person has with others can affect permanent everyday behaviors. Babies learn through love and guidance. “Loving relationships give infants and young children a sense of comfort, safety, confidence, and encouragement.” (Benorach, MD, 11). Thus help children develop trust, empathy, compassion, and a sense of right and wrong. Newborns are completely dependent on adults for their basic needs, and although unable to directly communicate newborns are able to express their needs through crying. “At six weeks old a baby learns to smile, by smiling the baby is able to signal that he/she wants to interact or play with you” (Berger,2013).
There are numerous studies have demonstrated that social and emotional exist for preschool children enhancing their social and emotional development skill to improve over the years. In addition, one of the main key points surrounding this solution deals primarily with how children are associated with the levels of social and development and how well the children can control their temperament behavior. Many of these studies have calculated that social and emotional performed increased in the circumstances then they were in the past. Social-Emotional development is one of the best condition that the child can experience in the environment the child is at. In the preschool years, children are aware of the emotion each of the peers have and others reaction. The children are beginning to understand their feelings of emotions and control the feeling as well regards to self- regulation.
Child development is an amazing thing to watch in the way that children interact with one another and how they perceive the world that surrounds. While doing our research of child development we began to observe a group of kids ranging the ages 1 – 12. During these observations we noticed traits such as attachment, comfort, and love. Through the following examples we will proceed to observe development in our environment and explain its relativity to the text
Childhood is the most important part of a person’s life, for children are both fragile and growing rapidly. A child’s parents or guardians must recognize this importance. The same goes for a child’s caregiver or a preschool instructor. Not only changes occur in their physical appearance such as growth, weight and body changes, but correspondingly, the mental health of the child (such as whether the child believes he or she is loved and cared for, and whether his or her needs are being met). Changes also occur in the child’s cognitive development, including them being able to strategies through their conflicts, and understand developing language. Which means the development of their brain function. Adults must be aware that every child is growing
Theories of child development have been researched and published over the years. These researches have been done by popular theorists four of whom are Piaget (1896 –1980), Vygotsky (1896 –1934), Ausubel (1918 –2008) and Kohlberg (1927 –1987). First and foremost let me define the term theory. A theory is a collection of related statements; the principal function of which is to summarize and explain observations. It is in a sense an invention designed to make sense of what we know or suspect. Developmental theory on the other hand is a systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a coherent framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older. The writer in her essay will outline two theories of development Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget who spoke about the moral and cognitive development respectively.
Emotional development is a major factor in the overall development of a child. It is believed that emotional and social development are very closely entwined. Child experts and psychologists agree that emotions are vital in a child’s life and to be able to promote a healthy social development a child must learn how to correctly find solutions to interpersonal problems.
In this paper, the aspects of a developmental study will be reviewed. This includes physical, cognitive, social, and moral standpoints of a 4-year-old child. Around this time, most children are learning how to follow someone, play with friends. They are also developing concepts of purpose, initiative, and courage. Lastly, they are beginning to form relationships with their family members, which adds onto their close bonds with their parents. Generally, psychologist studying this stage of human development major in education, early childhood education, developmental psychology or social work.
It discusses how children are born with that needs to connect with individuals around them. Teachers and providers create positive relationship with children from birth through the early years. The foundation for that healthy social and emotional development because it affects her children see the world, express themselves, manages their emotions, in establishing a positive relationship with others. There were several areas of development that included social interactions that focus on the relationship that we share and include relationship with adults and peers. Emotional awareness recognized and understands your feelings and actions of other people, and self-regulation where you have that ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a socially appropriate way. There were many tips that were listed when working with infants from talking and reading, having that warm, responsive, and consistent care, maintaining predictable routines, and getting to know each child while following their lead. The importance of supporting children and developing social skills is critical for learning, happiness, and long-term. This development begins during infancy and can be supported through simple social games, emotional role model, and imitating an infant's facial expression and sounds. The importance of social-emotional development and toddlers makes an impact in a child life when these skills are developed starting in infancy. Encouraging positive behaviors and using positive discipline practices that helped to develop the ability to make good choices as well as recognizing the confidence that is built when these behaviors are repeated. This is a process for young children to learn these behaviors always remembering that a patient response will help especially when the behaviors are
Rathus, Spencer A. "Infancy and Childhood." Psychology, Principles in Practice. Austin, [Tex.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998. 242-46. Print.
To begin with, the observation was focused on the physical, social/emotional, intellectual and moral development of the child compared to the normative data in the literature. In addition, I chose to use a variety of examples from Human Development,
There are different ways in which people believe that children will succeed in life. In this book the author has his own idea and motivation for the success in child development. Before they were having “two year olds filling out worksheets and completing drills on letter and number recognition (Tough, 2013, p.xiii). Now they believe child development should be different and not how they used to do it before. When they just wanted children to memorize everything and put so many things in their little brains. There are many factors affecting a child’s development that Tough speaks about like, stress and attachment issues. The author, Paul Tough, has a great motivation for writing this book that will be discussed further in this essay. Changing
concentrates the reParents play the most important role in the development of children from his childhood to adolescence. The emotional relationship between the parents and adolescence shape their personality and also have strong impact on mental and physical development. Positive parenting like emotional warmth, involvement with the activities of the adolescents, and consistency have a strong impact on their development and growth (Karavasilis, Doyle, & Markiewicz, 2003). Children who remain under constant observation of their parents, and get warm and affectionate relation from them they have better relations with their peers, within their groups and with their teachers. They acquire skills through observation, training and education