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Women rights and women violence ESSAY
Women rights and women violence ESSAY
Women rights and women violence ESSAY
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The practice of violence is prevalent throughout the world and millions of people die every year because of violence. One of the most pervasive forms of violence is domestic violence (Heise et al., 1994) (Koenig et al., 2003), which is hampering the harmony of communities, families and even individuals. Millions of families and homes have been and are being destroyed every year because of domestic violence. There are many forms of domestic violence such as violence against spouses, women, men, children or the elderly (Koenig et al., 2003). Although violence is gendered since men are considered to be the major perpetrators of violence against women (VAW), not all men are violent and both men and women have the equal potential to be perpetrators or victims. Amnesty International describes VAW as a torture and violation of human rights (Amnesty International, 2009) and the United Nations (UN) defines VAW as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life" (WHO, 2013). Domestic violence has also been known to be a main concern for women and empowerment because such violence against women decreases women’s social and economic progress (Koenig et al., 2003) and also their decision making ability.
In South Asia, gender prejudice and VAW are institutionalized at all levels: home, family, community, society, and the state (Mehta and Gopalakrishnan, 2007). Women with low education and alcoholic husbands are at greater risk of facing intimate partner violence (IPV) (Coker and Richter, 1998) than others. Women are being harmed physical...
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...dney Ruth, and Farzana Islam. “Women’s Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence Within Marriage in Rural Bangladesh.” Studies in family planning 39.1 (2008): 49–58. Print.
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Ziaei, Shirin, Ruchira Tabassum Naved, and Eva-Charlotte Ekström. “Women’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Malnutrition: Findings from Demographic and Health Surveys in Bangladesh.” Maternal & Child Nutrition (2012): 1-13. Print.
Parameswari, B. (2015). Domestic Violence and Child Abuse. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 20(2), 56-59. Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol20-issue2/Version-3/I020235659.pdf
National data gives us an indication of the severity of this issue. When 1 in 5-woman report being victims of severe physical violence (NISVS, 2010), we must ask ourselves if enough is being done to prevent this from occurring. From a historical point, there has always almost been a distinction from men on woman violence. Based on the disparity of cases reported, male inflicted violence on females is much higher and prevalent. When the perpetrators of DV, and IPV are predominately males, we can no longer dismissed this issue as a cultural, or
The statistics available on violence against women are startling. Domestic violence is the major cause of death and disability for European women ages 16 to 44 and accounts for more deaths and injuries than automobile accidents and cancer. The Russian government estimates that over 14,000 women were killed by family members in 1999, but there is still no legislation that specifically addresses domestic violence. In South Africa, more women are shot in the home by relatives than are shot on the streets or by intruders (web.amnesty.org).
Domestic violence can be described as any form of abuse towards a victim, whether physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, psychological, or economical. The stakeholders in such violence are the abuser(s), the victim(s) and the bystander(s), all of whom are affected in some form or another by the abuse. For further clarity, domestic violence in this discussion refers to situations where the principle stakeholders, i.e. abuser and victim are in a relationship, for example partners, co-workers or friends. Domestic violence affects all stakeholders, not only the victim but the abuser and bystanders, and it can be easily prevented.
Domestic violence can affect anyone. Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another through emotional attack, fear, and intimidation. Domestic violence or battering, often, includes the threat or use of violence; this violence is a crime. Battering occurs when one person believes he/she is entitled to control another. Domestic violence affects people in all social, economic, racial, religious, and ethnic groups; whether the couple is married, divorced, living together, or still dating. Another reality is that abusers and their victims can be gay, strait, young, or old. Violence develops from verbal, physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse. Most domestic violence victims are women by men, but that doesn’t suggest that others cannot be battered or are perpetrators of abuse -- such as women on men, or same sex abuse. Battering or domestic violence, is now mutual and it is not a ‘couple’s quarrel’. Disagreements arise occasionally in all relationships, but battering involves every aspect of a relationship. While physical violence is the “enforcer” or the criminal act, other behaviors erode the partner or victim’s sense of self, self-determination, and free will; this is ultimately lethal for many women.
Domestic violence was a term generally used by Peled & Edleson (1999) when discussing underutilized counseling services for children (Peled & Edleson, 1999). Also, Cole & Caron (2010) referred to domestic violence, when discussing Child Protective Services cases and the reunification process amongst families (Cole & Caron, 2010). On the other hand, Abrahams & Jewkes (2005) used the term violence or abuse at home, when conducting a study amongst South African men (Abrahams & Jewkes, 2005). Kerley et al. (2010), used the term family violence in their study about Thai women (Kerley et al., 2010).
Domestic violence is a problem which affects women of all ages, and there is a high prevalence of young adult college women who are experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. Many of the domestic violence cases are reported, but many incidents are not known to anyone but the victim. It is a silent problem, but there are many women who seek help to overcome the indignities of being abused. Domestic violence can be examined on different levels of the Ecological Model (Bronfenbrenner 1979). The ecological theory involves four levels: (1) the societal level (macro system); (2) the community level (meso-system); (3) the relational level (micro system) (4) the individual level. The society level involves culture and social structure, and some examples would be the patriarch culture, social norms regarding acceptability of domestic violence and legal remedies. The community level involves the interrelationship between community and the social roles undertaken by individuals such as home, school, and work. The relational level includes interfamily interactions between spouse/partners and children that can include conflict, infidelity, and social isolation. The individual levels involves personal characteristics such as gender, (males are more associated with perpetration, female with victimization), gender role beliefs (traditional or non-traditional), alcohol use, employment or unemployment status of spouse/partners, and socio-economic status at the community, relational, and individual level (Klevins, 2007). Contributing factors to domestic violence at the individual level may include traditional gender role beliefs machismo and level of acculturations. The level of acculturation goes hand ...
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of abuse that occurs between people who are involved in a close relationship. “Intimate partner” is a term that is used to include both current and former spouses as well as dating partners. IPV exists along a continuum that ranges from a single episode of violence through ongoing battering.
Domestic abuse, also known as domestic violence, can occur between two people in an intimate relationship. The abuser is not always the man; it can also be the woman. Domestic abuse can happen between a woman and a man, a man and a man, or a woman and a woman. Domestic abuse shows no preference. If one partner feels abusive, it does not matter their sexual orientation, eventually the actions they are feeling will come out towards their partner.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003).
Khan, Mehr. Domestic violence against women and girls. UNICEF: Innocenti Digest. No. 6. June 2000.
Domestic violence is not just fighting, hitting or an occasional argument. It’s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser of domestic violence, controls and tortures the victim of threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Domestic violence is one of the leading causes of violence in America. The abusers are not only men, women can be abusers as well. Women make up the vast majority of domestic violence. According to the American Bar Association (ABA), 90-95% of domestic violence victims are females and 70% of intimidating homicides are females. Domestic violence is a serious crime and everyone needs to be aware of its effects. This essay presents and explains the evidence supporting the major risk factors for intimate partner homicides.
United Nation (1993) Declaration on the elimination of violence against women: proceedings from the United Nation world conference on Human Rights G.A. res. 48/104, 48 GAOR Supp.(No. 49) at 217, Doc. A/48/49.https://www.unfpa.org/swp/2005/english/notes/page3.htm Accessed on April 2014
The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women defines gender-based violence (GBV) as, “Any act…that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.” It is also broadly defined as any harm to a person due to the power disparities caused by gender inequality. Gender based violence includes childhood sexual abuse, “prenatal sex selection in favor of boys, female infanticide, dowry deaths, honors killings ,female genital mutilation, trafficking and forced prostitution, forced early marriage, sexual assault and intimate partner violence”
Violence against women (VAW) is now considered and recognized as a public health predicament and a human rights infringement of a worldwide scale and force (Ono, 2013; Raj & Silverman, 2002). Research evidence exists for it serving as a crucial social determinant of health and its resulting vast and damaging impact on physical and mental health for women in Canada (Sharma, 2001). Violence as a concept includes diverse forms of abuse that are directed at women and girls across their lifetime. One critical category or form of violence against women is domestic violence. For the purpose of this paper terms violence against women and domestic violence will be used interchangeably. Domestic violence has been recognized as a critical social problem