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Chemistry and function of lipid
Lipids biological importance
Chemistry and function of lipid
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1. Wax: Biological waxes are esters of long-chain (C14 to C36) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long-chain (C16 to C30) alcohols. Their melting points (60 to 100 _C) are generally higher than those of triacylglycerols.In plankton, the free-floating microorganism sat the bottom of the food chain for marine animals, and waxes are the chief storage form of metabolic fuel. Waxes also serve a diversity of other functions related to their water-repellent properties and their firm consistency. Certain skin glands of vertebrates secrete waxes to protect hair and skin and keep it pliable, lubricated, and waterproof. Birds, particularly waterfowl, secrete waxes from their preen glands to keep their feathers water-repellent. The shiny leaves of holly, rhododendrons, poison ivy, and many tropical plants are coated with a thick layer of waxes, which prevents excessive evaporation of water and protects against parasites. Biological waxes find a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries. Lanolin (from lamb’s wool), beeswax carnauba wax (from a Brazilian palm tree), and wax extracted from spermaceti oil (from whales ;) 2. Cholesterol: Steroids, which are mostly of eukaryotic origin, are derivative of cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene the much maligned cholesterol. The most abundant Steroid in animals is further classified as a sterol because of its C3-OH group and its branched aliphatic side chain of 8 to 10 carbon atoms at C17.Cholesterol is a major component of animal plasma membranes, where it is typically present at 30 to 40 mol %, and occurs in lesser amounts in the membranes of their sub cellular organelles. Its polar OH group gives it a weak amphiphilic character, whereas its fused ... ... middle of paper ... ...by various structural modifications These groupings, therefore, appear in various combinations in anti-inflammatory steroids, many of which, however, lack the salt-retaining activity necessary for total adrenal replacement therapy. Cortisol analogs, such as dexamethasone, are used to treat many inflammatory and rheumatic diseases, to suppress the immune response in allergies and in organ transplantation,and to delay the progress of leukemia. They are also widely used for treating 4. Biological significance of steroids: That such diverse physiological functions and effects should be exhibited by Steroids, all of which are synthesized by essentially the same central biosynthetic Pathway is a remarkable example of biological economy. Most of these functions, Especially those of a hormonal type, involve the transmission of biologically essential Information.
Although using synthetic steroids is not a new concept, finding whether the drugs negatively affect humans is still being decided upon by scientists. According to Cornell University, diethylstilbestrol, or DES for short, was one of the first synthetic estrogens to be injected into the cattle and was introduced in the 1930s. Cornell University reveals, “In the year 1956, about two-thirds of the nation’s beef cattle had the DES injection prior to ent...
Yesalis, C.E. Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise. (2nd Ed.) 2000. Human Kinetics, United States.
Steroids were first used with good intentions to help those who suffered malnutrition after WWII. In Germany, there were many people who suffered the physical effects of the devastating war, soldiers in particular. To relieve the suffering, steroids were given to them so they would be able to build body weig...
To begin with, there are two main types of steroids: adrenal steroids and sex steroids. Because of the great therapeutic value of adrenal steroids, many synthetic steroids have been made; some more potent than the natural hormones. Synthetic steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptives. A synthetic adrenal steroid is used to treat adrenal insufficiency. Anabolic steroids are also synthetic and they mimic the male hormone testosterone. Anabolic steroids are most often abused by athletes and can have serious side effects when taken improperly (Silverstein, p.14). The term "anabolic " means "to build tissue"; therefore, anabolic steroids tend to increase constructive me...
Anabolic/androgenic steroids are synthetic variants of the natural hormone testosterone (James 7). At its naturally produced levels, testosterone is very good. In males, it helps promote protein anabolism (building), stimulates production of sperm, and has metabolic effects on muscle, bone, and skin (Goldman 72). Anabolic steroids are used medically to treat types of anemia, some breast cancers, osteoporosis, endometriosis, and hereditary angioedema (NIDA 2). But anabolic steroids are often taken at 10 to 100 times the natural, physiological levels by athletes looking for an edge in training (Yesalis xxv).
Prather, Irvine D. "Clenbuterol: substitute for anbolic steroids?" Medicine and Science in Sports 27 Aug. 1995: 1118.
... certain adrenal cortical steroids are powerful inhibitors of inflammation, toxic side effects limit their usefulness. Similarly, drugs that inhibit proliferation of cells in the inflammatory masses have potentially severe side effects. Drugs that inhibit undesirable inflammation may also inhibit desired inflammatory responses.
Vitamin D is derived from a steroid; the structure retains its numbering from the parent compound cholesterol.3
Testosterone, one of the main ingredients in steroids is a result in the body from cholesterol; testosterone like other hormones has its main effect on tissues. “Testosterone enters a body cell and attaches to a receptor, which goes into the cell nucleus where it activates the synthesis of protein. Protein synthesis leads to tissue repair and growth. If we were able to increase protein synthesis it would lead to quicker regeneration of the body, and to give faster recovery from illness and injuries”.
Although steroids have many negative effects, they have many needed medical purposes. Androgens have many legitimate medical uses, such as the use for treatment of hypogonadal men to compensate for the lack of endogenous production. Anabolic steroids are also helpful for the treatment of certain adolescent diseases, some types of anemias, and for a relatively rare form of edema. Other clinical uses focus on the tissue building and anti-catabolic effects, such as in the treatment of burn victims, AIDS, or HIV positive patients, or patients malnourished from disease or old age (Bellino 1).
Steroids have been used for decades by doctors treating men whose bodies do not produce enough testosterone naturally. Steroids can be used to treat asthma as well. It ...
“Steroids are any type of a large group of fat-soluble organic compounds, as the sterols, bile acids, and sex hormones most of which have specific physiological action” (Dictionary.com). When our bodies are still developing, the effects of steroids can be dangerous and can also be permanent (“Above”). Steroids are made out of substances such as nandrolone, stanozolol, testosterone, fluoxymestrone, and oxandrolone. Sometimes people say when you can’t pronounce something, you probably shouldn’t use it. In the 1940’s testosterone began to be widely used in competitive sports, but the dangers of loading up on testosterone were not yet clear (“History”). Instead of using steroids for a bad reason, there is a medicinal purpose. Cortisteroids can treat arthritis, asthma, lupus and multiple sclerosis, eczema and rashes, and some types of cancer (“Steroids: Medline”). Also, steroids can be used to treat anemia, to improve weight loss due to severe illness, and to treat osteoporosis. Steroids can only be sold to you by a pharmacist f...
Steroids have been widely used and spread in the early 70‘s for many other reasons rather than medical purposes. Steroids can be classified to sex steroids, corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. They all three have been a used in the medical aid in different kind of dysfunction and illness. For example, I had a friend that had terrifying medical issues in the vertebral spinal lower back, she ended up having a disease because her spine was too weak and was not developing as it should have.
In the last 10 years or so professional sports have been fighting a battle it seems won't end. The battle against performance enhancing drugs like Steroids and HGH. These drugs have created a major problem for sports like Baseball, Football, Soccer, Cycling, and Track and Field. Some of professional sports most favorited players have been found guilty of steroid use. New York Yankees 3rd Baseman, Alex Rodriguez has been found guilty of steroids on countless occasions. MLB home run record holder Barry Bonds has been found of guilty as well. Professional wrestler Chris Benoit also tested positive for steroids. With names as big as these it shows how much of a problem this is causing in sports.
High cholesterol is the best known of all the many threats to a healthy heart. When excess amounts fatty like plaque substance build up along the walls of the arteries, you face a significantly higher risk of a complete blockage, leading to a heart attack or stroke. At normal levels, cholesterol is not a bad thing. On the other hand, its an essential material used by the body to make cell walls and produce hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. The body produces its own supply of cholesterol in the liver, it’s also found in various animal products such as meats, eggs, and, milk. Cholesterol only becomes a threat when the body can’t use or get rid of excessive amounts of it.