In our everyday lives we must face a number of decisions, whether it is something simple like what clothes to wear or a major ethical decision that can have a large impact in one’s life. We may not realize this but with every decision we make there are a number of factors that help determine our decisions. According to most psychologists the decision-making process involves recognizing, evaluating, deciding on, and executing an action to resolve the dilemma (Lincoln, S., & Holmes, E. K., 2010). While this decision process is occurring there elements, both internal and external, that are influencing our final decision. As we know our internal and external experiences, such as our morals and the people around us, mold the way we see things and think about certain aspects of life. As a result these aspects unconsciously help us determine what decisions we make on an everyday basis. . When making decisions our main goal is to do what is right not only for us but for those who are affected by the decision. One’s morals are their standards and beliefs on what they think is right or wrong thing to do. Our morals, therefore, are a great influence when making everyday decisions. In psychology there is said to be a stages of moral development that was created by Kohlberg. In Kohlberg’s stage theory there are six levels of how people think when determining what is right from wrong. The stage of moral reasoning a person is in, which ranges from punishment orientation to an individual’s principles and conscience, can play a great role in how they take action. “Ethical decision making involves four distinct psychological steps: moral sensitivity/awareness, moral judgment, moral motivation/intention, and moral action/courage” (Lincoln, S., & Holmes, E. K., 2010). Within these steps one must distinguish what is right from wrong, consider the consequences of your choices and make the right decision. Depending on what you believe is morally correct will determine the decision you make. Other beliefs, such as bias, can also cause you to make certain decisions (Howard, 2012). In the case of Julius Caesar when he said “jacta alia est” he was crossing the river Rubicon. When crossing this river he became an invader however he believed that he had to do it so he decided that he would. As we all know the experiences that you live through and the people who surround will influence the actions you make in life.
In everyday real life situations, one keeps on making various decisions depending on a number of factors. Thus, decision-making is an integral tool in human life, and one cannot avoid it. In view of this, experts report that individuals make use of varying decision-making models to arrive at a decision that suits them. Here, the writer presents four decision-making models, namely the classical, behavioral, satisficing, and optimizing models.
Ms. Mason-Hagler's post brings up a very important topic about many doctors being nescient or apathetic to the limitations of subordinate staff. I have witnessed surgeons on occasion tell nurses and technicians to perform duties outside of their scope of practice for the simple convenience of saving time and the physician not having to do it themselves. A timorous nurse may find it difficult to confront a physician's orders since they are in a position of authority. However, nurses and subordinate staff have due diligence to the health and safety of the patient before a physician's order or hospital guidelines, policies and procedures. The six-step decision-making model is a beneficial tool for all nurses to follow whenever performing new or
Dan Ariely takes a unique perspective on decision making. Author Dan Ariely proposes that we really aren't as in control of our decisions as we believe we are. Instead we are conditioned to make decisions based on certain influences of our intrinsic and extrinsic life. He refutes the common assumption that we behave in fundamentally irrational ways; He instead proposes our decisions are very rational in our minds. Decision making depends on the person, however their decisions can be easily foreseeable. Ariely goes deeper into the thought that expectations, emotions, social norms, and other invisible, seemingly illogical forces alter our reasoning abilities.
Moral decisions can be difficult to make if it goes against your beliefs. You could choose to either follow your orders or follow your instincts. The stories “Gregory” by Panos Ioannides and “The Day of the Last Rock Fight” by Joseph Whitehill, both have endings that results in a negative outcome; both the protagonists are conflicted whether they should be loyal to their leader or friend, or follow their instincts. The soldier from “Gregory” is conflicted to whether he has to kill Gregory or not, and Ronnie is in a situation where he has to make a decision to whether he should have reported his best friend Peter or not. These protagonists are negatively affected from the decisions they make. In “Gregory”, the soldier regrets killing “Gregory”, and in “The Day of the Last Rock Fight”, Ronnie is heavily burdened after making the decision not to tell the detective of how Gene Hanlon dies. Furthermore, both the stories portray how it can be difficult making decisions when you know that your decision could have a great impact on the society and yourself.
Decision-making is one of the hardest tasks individuals have to endure. Deciphering between whether or not the decision you make will benefit you, if it will hurt someone else, what are the pros, the cons, and if the decision you make is eleven moral in itself. When decision-making the study of ethics plays a major role as to which decision you ultimately decide on. Ethics evaluates the morality of actions based on principles set by theories, individuals or in some instances cultures. Morality is an enormous part of decision=making which comes into play every single day in human life. Ethicists create theories based on the morality that exists in our lives in regards to certain situations. In particular, the utilitarian theory is well known
According to James Rest’s the process of ethical decision making developed out of a desire to piece together theories and research on moral development and behavior from a variety of perspectives. Moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral sensitivity. Moral judgment refers to defining and assessing which conceivable answers for the ethical issue have moral defense. This progression in the process requires thinking through the conceivable decisions and potential outcomes to figure out which are morally stable. Moral motivation refers to the intention to choose the moral decision over another solution representing a different value. This component of the ethical decision- making process involves committing to choose the moral value. For example, recognizing two solutions to a problem, one that result in a higher personal power and the other that stands morally correct. An individual may recognize two solutions to a dilemma, one that results in an increase of personal power and one that is morally right. Furthermore, moral sensitivity describes a person ability to recognize a problem that contains an issue. Recognizing the individual awareness that his/her action has created harm to
Decision-making is a cognitive process that results choosing one of the alternative options. When we think logically, we exclude emotions and use only rational method of selecting the best choice that achieves the best possible outcome and consequences. In our daily life, we take many decisions and many changes over it. So, the question is; what factors influence the decision making process? According to the article, frontal cortex is the part of the brain that responsible for decision making, the researchers assume that human reasoning and decision making depends on many levels of cognitive operations which depends on many support processes as emotions, attention and working memory. The reasoning process is also depends on the knowledge about the situation and options for actions.
Ethics are influence from many demographics which include family influences, peer influences, past experiences, religion, and situations. People decide whether something is ethical and whether or not it is right or wrong based on these influences. Individuals decide whether something is ethical or unethical based on family influences because people absorb about the ethical status or something family members based on how our families act. Also individuals also conduct their decisions based on peer influences because classmates and friends that surround us, usually impact a person’s believes on what is right or wrong overtime. Furthermore, people also resolve to their decisions on whether something is right or wrong established on past experiences because they predict their benefits on demographics that had happened to them in the past. Additionally, people select some decisions based on religion because a person’s religious beliefs will usually inspire he or she on what is right or wrong. Finally, another way people base their ethical decisions is based on the situations they are in because people sometimes change their beliefs depending on the circumstances they are in.
Each person must make difficult judgments in the course of everyday life. Decisions that seem trivial at the time may affect one's life for years. Sometimes the choice is whether to meet the expectations of others or to meet the expectations of the conscience. One's maturity is measured when one encounters the elephant and decides to shoot it to please the crowd, or to not shoot it and appear to be weak. Either choice may follow one to the grave.
Thinking critically and making decisions are important parts of today’s business environment. It is important to understand how the decision making process works and the steps involved. The nine steps of the decision making process are: identifying the problem, defining criteria, setting goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problem, identifying the causes of the problem, framing alternatives, evaluating impacts of the alternatives, making the decision, implementing the decision, and measuring the impacts. (Decision, 2007.) By using various methods and tools to assist in making important business decisions an individual can ensure the decisions they make will be as successful as possible. In this paper it will be examined how the decision making process can be followed using various tools and techniques to make successful business decisions by using these same tools and techniques during a thinking critically business scenario. The paper will also discuss how different tools and techniques could have been used to make different, yet still successful decisions.
Some decisions we make, and the resulting actions we could take, have a higher moral value than others. Rather than teaching a particular set of values, we would be better serving our participants if we helped them understand the process of making reasonable moral decisions . . . We may not all agree on the philosophic orientation used to determine just and unjust acts, but we should agree that some system will probably be better than...
Now we will consciously or unconsciously make decisions which we think are for the best for us, for the ones we care for, or for the society or organisation as a whole. In order to make wiser decisions we should know what contributes in making a good or a bad choice. We should know what all options are there available to us and mak...
Everyday we are tested as individuals to make the right choice. How we view ourselves as individuals and how others view us are directly correlated to our moral decision-making. But morals are somewhat misleading. What might be a wrong decision for one person might be a solution to another. So how do we define morals? Do we follow Gods’ moral rules because to do so would increase out likelihood of obtaining salvation in the afterlife? Or is it simpler than that. Is God going to deny our entrance into heaven because we have run a stop sign here and there? No. I believe our moral values are much simpler than that. I believe that our moral decision-making comes from our upbringing of what is right or wrong. Our parents and the people we surround ourselves with, are, I believe, direct causes of how we make decisions. Having more positive family influences as we grow up to adults will better help us come to make the right decisions in tough situations. In this paper, I will take you through a situation where my morals were tested. It takes place in the northern woods of Vermont in a little town called St. Albans where a young boy transforms into a young man by controlling his emotions and making the right decision.
An employee does an unsatisfactory job on an assigned project. Explain the attribution process that this person's manager will use to form judgments about this employee's job performance.
For this assignment I have analyzed my moral decision-making based on the moral theories listed in chapter nine of our textbook1 in order to find where I am strong or weak. In order to do this, I ask myself the following questions: