Death & Dying Term Paper
Life support is a controversial and sensitive topic. When someone is on life support, their brain is completely unconscious. Although their brain is no longer in an active, natural function, a life support machine keeps their organs alive and functioning. Life support is administered during an emergency. It helps to keep a person’s body alive, while their brain is dead. Brain death is an irreversible condition and doctors conduct many tests before determining this diagnosis.
There are two ways in which a person dies: cardiopulmonary death or brain death. Both are formal and legal definitions of death. Cardiopulmonary death is the irreversible loss of function in the heart and lungs. People who have suffered irreparable brain damage (such as head trauma or stroke) are diagnosed with brain death, which is “the irreversible cessation of all brain functions," according to Health System University of Miami.
Many may ask, how can someone be diagnosed as “brain dead”? Well this is very simple. Brainstem is the lowest part of the brain in which is connected to the spinal cord. This part of the brain is responsible for most of the automatic functions of the body that are essential for life: breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and swallowing, said the National Health System in Britain. The brain stem also makes the exchange of information between the brain and the rest of the body, so it is essential for the functions of awareness, knowledge and movement. There is no possibility of consciousness once the brainstem is permanently damaged and this adds to the inability to breathe or maintain body functions, which is the individual's death, says the NHS.
When someone is brain dead, there is no flow of bl...
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...or someone to latch themselves on the endless possibility that someone could “wake up” after being brain dead for so long. The scientific and medical world have advanced in ways that a normal person could understand. They have specifics testing in which they can determined whether a person is completely brain dead, or simply in a coma in which they have a chance of waking up.
No one should depend on a machine in order to sustain their life. Being brain dead could be a heartbreaking and very emotional subject to discuss among family and friends. It is understandable that some people cannot grasp their loved one’s irreversible death, or understand how their heart is still beating yet their brain in unconscious, but dragging their life and binding their loved ones to be held to a life support machine can seem pretty selfish and careless on their part.
Ken Berger believes that Life Support for elderly patient isn’t benefiting them and is actually causing more harm to them. According to the “Dying on life support: is it fair? Article The Author Dr. Berger states in most cases when the end is near should doctors prolong life artificially? Dr. Berger the medical doctor at the Bellevue Hospital in New York City states how patients that are on life support in the intensive care unit are not showing signs of likelihood of surviving. A very well-known patients of Dr. Berger who is severely ill and he isn’t showing any signs of getting better but actually is showing signs of his body getting ill (Leung n.p). By law Dr. Berger must keep him alive which, he isn’t very pleased about it because he finds it very useful for the staff and also for the
When a person is battling between life and death physicians have to check for signs of death. Kastebaum states that “the most common signs of death have been lack of respiration, pulse, and heartbeat, as well as failure to respond to stimuli such as light, movement, and pain. Lower body temperature and
If brain cells die or are damaged because of a stroke, symptoms of that damage start to show in the parts of the body controlled by those brain cells.
Scientists are on the brink of doing the unthinkable-replenishing the brains of people who have suffered strokes or head injuries to make them whole again. If that is not astonishing enough, they think they may be able to reverse paralysis. The door is at last open to lifting the terrifying sentence these disorders still decree-loss of physical function, cognitive skills, memory, and personality.
Unreceptively and unresponsively. “Even the most intensely painful stimuli evoke no vocal or other response, not even a groan, withdrawal of a limb or quickening of respiration,” (Ward 28). No movements or spontaneous breathing (being aided by a respirator does not count). Doctors must follow patients for at least one time of day to make sure they make no spontaneous muscular movements or spontaneous breathing. To try the latter, physicians are to bend off the respirator for three transactions to determine if the patient attempts to take a breather on his own (the trial).No reflexes. To look for reflexes, doctors are to shine a light in the eyes to make sure the pupils are enlarged. Muscles are tested. Ice water is poured in the ears. Doctors should use “electroencephalography, a test of great confirmatory value,”(Ward 32) to make sure that the patient has flat brain waves. After none of the criterions respond to the recipient, the doctor must “legally” declare the person brain dead. This is where family members often have difficult deciding whether they should continue having their loved one under life support. The respirator will continue to keep the persons organs alive for a certain period of time but family members must confront with a decision if they would want to donate or continue to have them
Brain death occurs when there is a loss of all brain and brain stem function due to damaged brain cells. It is often termed as an irreversible coma as the damaged cells cannot regenerate themselves and a patient is stuck in a coma-like state. (Wilson and Christensen, 2014)
Even a basic temporary life support system like the insertion of an ETT tube through the mouth to secure airways, can cause long-term suffering pain for the patients, and have various complications and risks. As described by Dr. Divatia, the complications of ETT include bleeding, disconnection, acute trauma, and possibly even tension pneumothorax, in which air enters the chest and the lung collapses, possible during, before or after the procedure. These complications cause added suffering for the patient and can possibly even decrease their lifespan. (Should this be new paragraph) Life support should not be offered as an option, because as with everything, there needs to be rules, regulations and laws around it. When medical students become doctors, they are required to take the Hippocratic Oath which states that they won’t do anything ethically immoral and will never use their knowledge to harm another. However, when patients are ready to naturally die, doctors are duty bound and law bound to save them, regardless of what they think the best choice for the patient is. In one real life situation, a boy was ready to die naturally after two days of suffering through blood transfusions and dialysis.
Brain death occurs when brain cells, which cannot regenerate themselves, are injured or dead. This results in brain death as the brain becomes starved of oxygen. One can only be pronounced brain dead, by a neurologist and even then, a number of criteria must be met, some of these include; unresponsiveness to stimuli; no reflexes and an inability to breathe unaided by a machine(Goila and Pawar, 2009). At this point one is put on a ventilator. A ventilator is a machine which maintains the circulation of blood, oxygen and nutrients to organs around the body. To put a patient on life support is very costly to the family of the patient and even the hospital.
The concept of brain death is not something that can be easily determined at just a glance. It is an intricate course of tests and time to determine if the process of brain function is evident. An important series of questions to ask yourself is, “what constitutes brain death,” “how is it defined, “and “what happens afterwards?” Brain death is not to be confused with a coma because they are entirely different. Organ donation is the most common outcome of someone who is diagnosed brain dead. If this occurs first hand to you or your family member, would you go out of your way to determine if the doctors were correct? This essay will explain the tests that are performed on the body that is thought to be brain dead, the difference between brain death and a coma, and how families could possibly handle the results of a person being determined brain dead.
if they do not wish to be put on life support. We choose to do this
Imagine visiting your 85-year-old mother in the hospital after she has a debilitating stroke. You find out that, in order to survive, she requires a feeding tube and antibiotics to fight an infection. She once told you that no matter what happened, she wants to live. But the doctor refuses further life-sustaining treatment. When you ask why, you are told, in effect, "The time has come for your mother to die. All we will provide is comfort care."
If the cause of death is not specified, the person will simply die of a heart attack.
The problem explored in the article was stated as a problem statement. In this article, the authors explain about the stressful situations of families having loved ones die in the intensive care unit. They also state that this problem is very important because there is poor communication between staff, physicians, and surrogates in the plan of care for end-of-life measures (Lautrette et al., 2007).
It is clear that in order for survival potential, the body must have the capacity to heal. I believe that such technology interfere with nature and immoral. Brain dead patients on life support only prolong the dying process. This possibly prolongs their suffrage too. Most family members rather have a pleasant memory during the process of death. Its involve numerous emotions, but I prefer a peaceful death. Most of us believe that all effort should be made to preserve life, but unfortunately not in the case of brain death. As humans being, the right to live is part of the basic needs, but we want to live healthy or at least be aware of our surroundings. Every humans being deserve all the best quality in life. No one wants to see their love ones through the process of dying, that’s one of the reasons we should stay strong and make it easier not only for them but for us
Before defining and discussing the three major categories of euthanasia, it is important to understand the meaning of their subtypes known as active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is performing a direct action to take someone’s life, such as administering a lethal drug to a patient. Passive euthanasia is allowing someone to die by not performing some life-sustaining action or ending life-sustaining treatment (Pojman). Examples of passive euthanasia would be removing a patient’s respirator or withholding nutrients and fluids. Active euthanasia is easily the more controversial of the two.