Data Collection Method
One of the methods that will be chosen to collect data for the research project will be the use of a case study. The participants will be carefully chosen from organizations in the retail sector. The organizations that will be selected will provide a well-diversified portfolio of both smaller and larger size and across multiple areas of product and service offerings. The purpose for this is to provide an expanded opinion base that could potentially allow the study to be expanded to a broader applicability model for the results.
Once the organizations are established, the participants from these organizations will be chosen carefully through a series of interviews to determine their level of reliability and contribution to the study. Each candidate will go through three interviews with three different interviewers. The interviewers will ask the candidates open-ended questions that will test their reliability and credibility to the study. The interviewers will have a predetermined set of questions that will be asked to the interviewee. Each session will last fifteen to twenty minutes in length. Once all interviews have been completed, the interviewers will discuss the findings from each interview with the candidate to pick the best choices. A total of twenty participants will be chosen to be a part of the case study and they will be provided $100 at the end of the process as a gesture of appreciation for their time.
The participants will go through a series of three sessions with each lasting one to two hours. Each participant will sign a consent form to ensure that legal protocol is achieved. The interviewer will ask open-ended questions so that the participant can provide honest and detailed...
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Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods.(3rd ed).Thousand Oaks, Califorinia : Sage Publications, Inc . Retrieved on May 10th, 2014, From http://books.google.com
CQR incorporates the elements from phenomenological approach, grounded theory as well as comprehensive process analysis. The consensual qualitative research has a number of essential components. Firstly, it includes the implication of the open-ended questions in the semi-structured techniques of data collection, which allow the consistent data 's collection across the individuals as well as in-depth examination of their experiences (Hill, 2012). Secondly, it involves several judges throughout the process of analysis of data, in order to foster numerous perspectives. Third is the consensus for arrival at judgments concerning the data 's meaning that sets aside the researchers ' biases (Hill, 2012). Fourthly, it requires at least one auditor for checking the judges primary team 's work and minimization of the effects of group thinking in the primary team. The methods of the data collection in consensual qualitative research are naturalistic and highly interactive, and include interviews and sampling (Given, 2008). However, the researchers may also compare the qualitative findings with quantitative findings for triangulation of the results. While the data analysis involves three main steps that include domains, used for segmentation of the
The frame of qualitative research is broadly within the socially constructed, advocacy /participatory theories that assert that social construction determine meaning, and therefore, there are multiple truths to discover (Parylo, 2012). Some of the data from qualitative research is collected from interviews, observations, and field notes. The researcher adds codes to the data to allow for analysis and interpretation, taking into account the context and personal values of the researcher (Parylo, 2012). Creswell (2014) notes that qua...
The topics featured in Gandy’s article focuses on the notion of “racially coded data” (1) and how the data is translated into information that may or may not be put to the greatest use. Meaning that targeting certain races with a number of issues with the intention of aiding them, May actually cause more harm than help. He tries to argues that “racial statistics have not only come to represent the distribution of life chances in ways that continue to place African Americans down the bottom of the pile” (5) and then follows on by illustrating “some of the ways in which many of the same statistics are used to ensure that their status is less likely to improve” (5). He mentions this idea of a ‘racial disparity’ focusing on African Americans alone discussing racial coding as and what he calls the ‘panoptic sort’ have become ‘discriminatory technology and then states that how it “operates to the detriment of segments of the population” (7).
Reviewing the previous qualitative studies, the interview has become one of key research approaches (along with field observations and document analysis) for gathering data that is closely conducted by qualitative researchers. (Kvale, 1996; Brinkmann, 2008; Seidman, 2006). As Gubrium & Holstein (2003) suggest that the qualitative interviews are able to assist researchers to investigate the discovery-oriented enquiries and the increased understanding of subjectivities in the researching fields of social science, media, health care, etc.
Qualitative research seeks to understand a social or human problem through an inquiry process. It is conducted in a natural setting and reports the views of informants in rich detail. Qualitative research strives to describe the extraordinarily complex nature of people and their perceptions of their experience in the specific social context in which the experience occurs. (Geertz, 1973). This is quite different than the paradigm of quantitative research. The raw material for qualitative research is ordinary language, as opposed to the numbers that are the raw material for quantitative research. The language may be obtained in many ways. It may be the participant’s own descriptions of him or he...
These obstacles include the wholesomeness of the data, analytical knowledge, an understanding of statistics, and several other philosophical and educational challenges. Gathering the data is usually half the battle in the analytics game. The data collected could include social networking information, sales lists, real estate listings, product lists, and product reviews and can be gathered into structured storage and analyzed. The gathered data proves to be a valuable resource for businesses that look to analytics in order to enhance their market
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
Companies have transformed technology from a supporting tool into a strategic weapon.”(Davenport, 2006) In business research, technology has become an essential means that many organizations use in their daily operations. According to the article, Analytics is a major technological tool used. It is described as “the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions."(Davenport, 2006) Data is compiled to enhance business practices. When samples are taken, they are used to examine research and understand how to solve problems or why situations are as they are. Furthermore, in this article, Thomas Davenport discusses analytics from a business standpoint. He refers to organizations that have been successful in their usage of data and statistical analysis. In addition, he also discusses how data and statistics can be vital in the efforts to improve the operations of businesses.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
Liamputtong, P. & Ezzy, D., 2005, Qualitative research methods, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 12-31.
HARRIS, H., MURPHY, S., & VAISMAN, M. (2013).Analyzing the analyzers an introspective survey of data scientists and their work.Sebastopol, Calif, O'Reilly Media.http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9781449368388.
Marshall, C, Rossman, Gretchen B, (2006). Designing qualitative research, 4th edition, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Qualitative research was designed as a way to be directly connected with the subjects researched. Participant researchers may choose to merely observe and collect data or to be an active participant. Covert participation has the advantage of reducing the “reactive effects” of the social setting or group (Bachman & Schutt, 2012). Most researchers who use the participation method of research will often strike a balance between participation and observation. Through participation, an observer may gain the trust of the research subjects which can provide more fruitful results. Some research may however be unethical or a violation of law. A good researcher should use prudence beforehand when crafting their research design.