When President Thabo Mbeki came to power in 1999, he wanted to make his Presidency an execution administration. There was beginning to be a sense that there were too many strategies in place since 1994 and public perception was that nothing was happening. During the opening of Parliament in 1999, three years after the launch of the NCPS, President Thabo Mbeki was forced to address crime when it became clear that previous measures were not effective. To show the country of his implementation agenda he told the nation that government will work with its citizens to improve their safety and security through initiatives which would ensure that the NCPS was effectively implemented through government initiatives. One such operationalisation of the NCPS was the creation of the Presidential Police stations. During that speech, he said the implementation of the NCPS would be focus on areas where serious and violent crime occurred and these areas included:
Include such areas as Tsolo in the Eastern Cape, Thabong in the Free State, Katlehong in Gauteng, Inanda in KwaZulu-Natal, KaNyamazana in Mpumalanga, Mafikeng in the North West, Galeshewe in the Northern Cape, Thohoyandou in the Northern Province and Mitchells's Plain in the Western Cape. We will therefore make multi-disciplinary interventions in these areas, starting with a few pilot areas, drawing in all spheres of government and engaging the people themselves in an offensive to ensure that we reduce the levels of crime in these areas which are characterized by a high incidence of crime (Mbeki: 1999).
The President was beginning to effectively operationalise NCPS which had earlier caused controversy at its launch. His speech was an assurance that the confusion which took place sin...
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...ctively for 2007 -2008 (SAPS: 2009).
During the same period the other stations fared better with steady decreases of serious and violent crimes during the periods mentioned. Khayelitsha showed a staggering 237 decrease in murder rate for 2003-2004 and 2008-2009 reporting periods and Katlehong a decrease by 35 from 148 to 113. While there was some decrease during these years, these stations continue to contribute to high incidents on crime given that they are provided with both human and financial resources. Why these stations contribute to crime rates in the country may be that they are not as well resourced, managed or have the equipment to do their jobs properly because the plan was not implemented well (SAPS: 2009).
The following tables give an overview of murder and sexual assault trends within the Presidential Stations between 2003-2004 and 2008-2009:
...there are so many that only a small group of people are to fulfill in the district that they are responsible for it seems impossible to do all of this along with prevent crime and bring criminals in to the main police houses.
There exist basic programs and strategies used and established to reduce and stopping the ever exceeding rate of criminal activities in most states and countries around the world. The adoption of crime prevention programs in most places help the society as well as law enforcement in maintaining criminal justice, enforcement of law and
Canada is viewed as being a very safe and stable place to live because people are lucky enough to have healthcare, benefits for unemployment and family needs, as well as maternity leave. Crime is something that Canadians don’t often think about because people feel as though they are out of harm's way. As Canadians, we’ve watched the world experience different threats and crime, and we’ve seen the world fight back. For example, our neighbors in North America, the United States, have gone through terrorist attacks and issues with guns and violence. Just because we are witnessing these things in other places doesn’t mean that we aren’t at risk as well, and Canada does have certain approaches and regards in place if we are ever in danger. What I wish to address in this paper is how Canada is set up for reacting to crime and jeopardy, as well as an example of where we went wrong in our past. Methods in response to crime, Canada’s legal regime and the issue of Residential schooling for Aboriginals a hundred years ago will be presented.
There was a decline in crime during the 1990s. Our country enjoyed seven years of declining crime for the period 1991-98, the most recent data available. During this period crime declined by 22% and violent crime by 25%. These are welcome developments, particularly following the surge of crime and violence of the late 1980s. This decline occurred during a time when the national prison population has increased substantially, rising from 789,60 in 1991 to 1,252,830, a 59% rise in just seven years and a 47% increase in the rate of incarceration, taking into account changes in the national population (Mauer 21-24).
66. Americans rank crime among the nations greatest problems. Crime can touch people of all lifestyles, race, and ethnicity. Public polls further illustrate that people in America remain fearful of crime without realizing that serious crime has declined since the record-setting years of the early 1980’s. However, many people still believe that crime rates are rising in United States. The news media and politicians help to keep the public’s attention focused on crime. This attention also keeps people fearful of crime in America. FBI data further supports that there is no national crime wave to fear. Most people will not experience crime directly but instead learn about it indirectly. Researchers believe that conversations with friends may help to magnify the amount of local violence. Fear of crime forces many Americans to “stay of the streets” and away from dangerous areas.
This essay will analyse a contemporary Policy document policing in the 21st century: Reconnecting police and the people. It is a document presented by the secretary of state for the Home Department by Command for Her Majesty in July 2010. It will look at how some philosophies of punishment and models of criminal justice are convincing in explaining the methods and tactics used to formulate criminal justice policies as evidence in Policing in the 21st Century: Reconnecting police and the people. Other policy documents will be looked at in other to compare their similarities. Crime control, bureaucratic models the philosophy of deterrence and rehabilitation are convincing in explaining the politics of this policy document. Due process and the other models of criminal justice has had very little or no influence in writing of this policy. The argument will be that though crime control is the main function of the police, it is not the only function. There must always be a compromise between a Due process and crime control [Newburn, T. P .561]
Parole (early release from prison) is often referred to as the back door to the US corrections system. The concept of parole dates back to the establishment of the Elmira Reformatory. The goal of the Elmira Reformatory was to rehabilitate and reform the criminal instead of following the traditional method of silence, obedience, and labor. Parole was originally set up to encourage prisoners to do well, keep their noses clean, and become model prisoners. Once a prisoner had shown rehabilitation and reform they were released prior to the execution of their full sentence.
The violence takes place when the criminal uses the intentional power of threat or physical violence against any individual victim, community and minority group. The violent act considered as manslaughters, murder, physical assault, sexual assault, kidnapping, and robbery or burglary. In this research essay, I will analysis the causes and its methods to reduce the violent crime through different theoretical perspective. The violent crime refers on the basis of gender, age, community and neighborhood.
College campuses are one of the most popular scenes for crimes of rape to occur. A disturbing statistic resea...
(violent crimes include the following: murder, manslaughter, rape, and robbery). Since 1995 the overall crime rate for people under 17 has dropped by 39 percent. In ...
Sherman, L., Gottfredson, D., MacKenzie, D., Eck, J., Reuter, P., & Bushway, S. (1998). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising in Brief, Report to the United States Congress. National Institute of Justice.
McLaughlin and Muncie (2012) in their work indicate that “crime is not a self-evident and unitary concept. Its constitution is diverse, historically relative and continually contested.” With this statement, the authors are describing crime as something which is not unique but, on the contrary, it is a fairly normal and widespread event. Moreover, they are stating that crime depends on time and culture and it is shaped by morality and social attitudes. Crime can be linked to different areas such as economics, social status and geography. In this essay, different themes will be discussed: for instance, the main ones are the history of crime, the different types of crime, how to measure crime and the various ideas of crime in different parts of the world.
Crime is a highly complex and important problem that changes across cultures and across time. This briefing provides a summary of some of the key explanations that try to explain the causes of crime. It is by no means a thorough list. Each of the explanations covered has its own strengths and weaknesses, has gaps and may only be related to certain types of crime, and not others. There is no “right” or “wrong” explanation to justify it.
Crime rates, especially violent crimes such as murder, rape, and robbery, peaked around 1991 and 1992, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reports. The major crime topics of that time included drug abuse and the war on drugs, still some remnants from the crack cocaine epidemic from the late 1980s, and the increase in juvenile violence in the late 1980s. In addition to these, legislation such as the Brady Bill continued to surface as a public policy that drew attention to the issue of gun violence, and other topics tended to be emphasized by the Bush administration, such as the exclusionary rule, the death penalty, habeas corpus, and the insanity defense. Community policing developed at the grassroots level in the early 1980s, coming out of local police demonstration projects that were often funded by the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Community policing came about out of the rejection of traditional policing practices in the 1970s, largely as a result of various studies that found that long held assumptions in policing were found not to hold up to scrutiny. An article written by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling published in an edition of Atlantic Monthly in 1982 brought about the broken windows theory. This theory holds that when people no longer care about their community, the condition on that neighborhood often sends signals to people that no one cares. This allows for disorder and minor crimes to pass unnoticed, which will lead to more serious crimes. Once disorder begins to take hold and minor crimes become common, eventually the neighborhood will decay and become crime ridden. The key to fixing the broken windows is for police to target these minor crimes...
Rennison, Callie Marie. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 (United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics No. NCJ-194530). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.