The Gulf War
The Gulf War was much more than a fight to liberate Kuwait. It was the first non-conventional war; in which new, fairly new, or even experimental weapons were used. The Gulf War displayed much new technology that you will learn lots about in this paper. This paper may sound very technical, but that is what it is about, the new weapon technology vs. the conventional types of weapons used in previous wars. This paper is about the advancement of weapon technology, and how the military changed the tactics used before.
TOMAHAWK MISSILE and the F-117 Nighthawk (Stealth Fighter)
The Tomahawk cruise missile is a computer-guided missile fired from U.S. combat vessels carrying either 1,000-lb. warheads or a cluster of 166 soda-can-sized ‘bomblets’. The warhead can hit within a few feet of its target. This is one of the backbone attacks of the war. This weapon allowed allied forces to destroy buildings in a very populated area without harming any civilians.
The Tomahawk cruise missile (the BGM-109) is a 20-foot-long weapon costing $1.3 million. A booster rocket shoots the missile off a ship or submarine. Then the small turbofan engine takes over and the missile jets toward land, directed by its “internal guidance system” which uses sensors and gyroscopes to measure acceleration and changes in direction. Once the missile crosses the shoreline, a more precise guidance method, TERCOM takes over. TERCOM scans the landscape at set checkpoints, taking altitude readings and comparing them to map data in its own computer memory. The missiles moves at about 550 miles per hour, and can make twists and turns like a radar evading fighter plane, all the while skimming over the land at 100 feet to 300 feet.
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This book told little known facts and a darker side of the war.
Blair, Arthur H. At War in the Gulf: A Chronology Press, 1992
This informative book gives in chronological order all the events in the war.
Friedman, Norman Desert Victory: The War For Kuwait Naval Institute Press, 1991.
This book provided photos and insights on the Gulf War.
Hersh, Seymour M. Missile Wars Press, 1994
This book provided useful information on the missiles used in Desert Storm.
Mc Cain Thomas A., Shyles Leonard The 1,000 Hour War Press, 1993
This book gives a detailed summary of the Gulf War.
“ The Persian Gulf War” Encarta Encyclopedia 2000 Ed.
This article provided information on the Gulf War.
WWW.geocities.com/Athens/6506/wep.html visited 11/26/00
This web site gives pictures and specifications of air and ground weapons of the Gulf War.
In Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Iraqi forces fired 93 Scud missiles at coalition forces in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. (Rostker) Air Defense Artillery (ADA) played an immensely significant role in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with units from 11th Brigade Air Defense Artillery and the 32d Air Defense Command rapidly deploying into theater. The effectiveness of the units and their roles in fighting this war proved that Air Defense Artillery was critical to the success of the campaign. Although Patriot Batteries placed strategically throughout Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel played a tremendous tactical role in these wars, High-Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) was not the only type of surface to air missile system in place to protect ground forces and valuable military assets. Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) units also deployed with the air defense units. These weapon systems, integrated with ground forces, provided air defense to dominate against aircraft and Tactical Ballistic Missiles (TBM) on the front lines.
8 Galum, John, Joshua Shakon and Tan Mau Wu. “National Missile Defense – A CS91 Final Project.” < http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~eroberts/cs91/projects/national-missile-defense/index.html>
Bolkcom, Christopher. "V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Congressional Research Service Report for Congress." Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. N.p., 7 Jan. 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
Mendelsohn, Jack. 1999. “Missile Defense: and it Still Won’t Work.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. May/June 29-31.
A majority of weapons used in World War II were improved weapons from World War II. Most guns increased in power and abilities. In World War II people thought that pistols were useless but this was proved wrong due to the fact that the U.S. Mi...
The first battle in Fallujah during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) is known as Operation Vigilant Resolve. This battle is regarded as one of the biggest single defeats that the United States Military has suffered throughout all its campaigns during OIF. The United States and international media outlets exploited this defeat, which in turn, bolstered Al Qaeda recruiting in Fallujah. This offensive failure and retreat was backed by a huge public outcry for troop withdrawal and successful exploitation of recruiting propaganda by the insurgents.
Ingram said 30 MK77 firebombs were used by the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force in the invasion of Iraq between 31 March and 2 April 2003 (Brown). They were used against military targets "away from civilian targets", he said. This avoids breaching the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), which permits their use only against military targets
The Mark 48 Advanced Capability (ADCAP) Torpedo is a heavyweight submarine-launched torpedo; which is the primary weapon of all U.S. Navy submarines. According to FAS Military Analysis Network, The primary goal of this weapon is to be able to “combat fast, deep-diving nuclear powered submarines and high performance surface ships.” The Mark 48 torpedo has gone through many phases of modifications over the past four decades; which have shaped this weapon in to what it is today. Throughout its history the Mark 48 Torpedo has been a revolutionary weapon. Its greatest contribution to modern naval warfare is its ability to give all U.S. Navy submarines a universal weapon to combat the world’s largest naval powers better than any previous torpedo has been able to achieve.
Initially designed as an anti-aircraft system, Patriot became operational in 1985. (Patriot, 2013) Patriot fires a missile from its launching station to engage an aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle, cruise missile or a tactical ballistic missile. In 1991, Operation Desert Storm had kicked off and Patriot added missile-interception. Patriot anti-tactical ballistic missile capability phase 2 (PAC-2) had the first wartime engagement of a tactical rocket by an anti-tactical ballistic missile in history. Patriot upgraded to the PAC-3 missile that utilizes hit-to-kill technology making it over ninety percent success rate on engagements. Patriot is constantly undergoing improvements and remains one of the most sophisticated air defense technologies in the world today. (Kraus, 2000; Patriot,
Wright, D. & Postol, T. (2000, May 11). Missile defense system won't work. Common Dreams News Center. Retrieved March 6, 2003, from http://www.commondreams.org/views/ 051100-101.htm
Oppenheimer, Andy. “Chemical Weapons In The 21St Century: Syria and Beyond.” Military Technology 37.11 (2013): 60-65. Military & Government Collection. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Advancements in weaponry occurred very rapidly during the time of World War Ⅱ. Tanks saw a great advancement in speed, armor, and firepower. The need for this change came from the increasing mobility of troops. Along with the power of tanks, semi-automatic and assault rifles were developed during these times. Other advancements would change in the small arms. While, guns and tanks had their fair share of advancements, aircraft development was the most important. It had an increasing use throughout the war: bombers, fighter, and reconnaissance. Bomb raids were very common and used as an alternate to the trench warfare. The
The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a US-led coalition. The US wanted to destroy Saddam Hussein’s regime and bring democracy. To addition to that, US and its allies believed that Iraq had secret stocks of chemical and nuclear weapons, hence Iraq was a threat to the world (Axford 2010). In March 2003, US air bombed Baghdad and Saddam escaped Iraq. The invasion disarmed the government of Saddam Hussein. President Bush in March 2003 gave a premature speech, that tyrant of Iraq has fallen and US has freed its people. President Bush flew into Iraq to show the world that the war is over, even though nothing was accomplished (Kirk et al. 2014). Iraq was facing 13 years of scantions, therefore regime diverted its resources to flexible networks of patronage that kept it in power (Dodge 2007, 88). Iraq faced widespread of lawlessness and after the violent regime changed US could not control the situation. Iraqi civilians were looting, attacking ministries building and this resulted into a series of event (Kirk et al. 2014) . From a military perspective the regime was taken down, but they made no commitment to rebuild or secure the country.
...y, it was widely used through out the world, especially in the Middle east where Egypt and Syria used the SAM 1 Missiles to defend against the Israelis Air Force, with the air defense network accounting for the majority of the downed Israeli aircraft. With Russian assistance the Egyptians established a robust air defense zone near the Suez canal which the Israeli Air Force made a concerted attempt to eliminate during the War of Attrition The Trumpeter SAM-2 Missile and Launcher are inexpensive, high quality miniatures of this iconic missile system. The build-up is easy and can be accomplished by anyone with relatively little modeling experience. The variety of camouflage schemes make this model missile a great addition to any military modelers collection. The first model displayed here replicates an S-75 on it's launcher as it would have appeared in the Six Day War.
At the end of this development, we find the missiles. They now unite all features and we can even guide them to their target.