Colombia
Colombia, republic in South America, situated in the northwestern part of the continent, and bounded on the north by Panama and the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia is the only country of South America with coasts on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The total land area of the country is 1,141,748 sq km (440,831 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Bogotá.
IILAND AND RESOURCES The distinguishing topographical feature of Colombia is the Andes mountain chain, situated in the central and western parts of the country, and extending north-south across almost its entire length. The Andes comprise three principal and parallel ranges: the Cordillera Oriental, the Cordillera Central, and the Cordillera Occidental. On the Caribbean coast is the isolated mountain mass known as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which includes Colombia's highest point at Pico Cristóbal Colón (5776 m/18,950 ft). The Cordillera Central contains the volcanic peaks of Huila (5750 m/ 18,865 ft) and Tolima (5616 m/ 18,425 ft). About 240 km (about 150 mi) south of the Caribbean, the Cordillera Central descends to marshy jungle. The cordillera peaks are perpetually covered with snow; the timberline in these mountains lies at about 3000 m (about 10,000 ft).
East of the Cordillera Oriental are vast reaches of torrid lowlands, thinly populated and only partly explored. The southern portion of this region, called selvas (rain forests), is thickly forested and is drained by the Caquetá River and other tributaries of the Amazon River. The northern and greater part of the region comprises vast plains, or llanos, and is traversed by the Meta and other tributaries of the Orinoco River. Between the cordilleras are high plateaus, a number of which are about 2400 m (about 8000 ft) above sea level, and fertile valleys, traversed by the principal rivers of the country. The principal river of Colombia, the Magdalena, flows north between the Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Central, across practically the entire country, emptying into the Caribbean near Barranquilla after a course of about 1540 km (about 960 mi). The Cauca, also an important means of communication, flows north between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Occidental, merging with the Magdalena about 320...
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...mber and December anti-guerilla vigilante groups killed 73 people suspected of being guerilla sympathizers.
During 1997 guerillas sporadically attacked remote government outposts. They launched a campaign of violence and intimidation in October aimed at preventing voters from participating in municipal and regional elections. Paramilitary squads launched a counter-campaign of violence, raiding a number of villages and executing individuals suspected of supporting guerilla activities. In March 1998 FARC forces ambushed elite government troops in a remote southern jungle region, killing about 70 soldiers in the worst government defeat in the 35 years since guerilla hostilities began.
Government sources estimated that more than 41,000 Colombians-mostly poor farmers-fled their homes to escape the growing violence between guerillas and paramilitary units. The government and Colombia's second largest rebel group, the National Liberation Army (ELN) agreed in early 1998 to open peace negotiations. However, the future of negotiations remained questionable following the death in February of 62-year-old ELN leader Manuel Perez, a former priest who had led the rebel group for 25 years.
These documents detailed a series of counterinsurgency sweeps through Guatemalan regions to kill the enemy guerillas and destroy their bases with extreme force. The prosecution proved with evidence that General Rios Montt was guilty of 1,771 indigenous people, forced displacement of 29,000 people, at least nine cases of sexual violence and various cases of torture (Burt 2). The violence was overwhelming when described in court and included powerful testimonies that showed indiscriminate massacres, rape, infanticide, destruction of crops to induce starvation, and abduction of children (Burt 2). The use of defense patrols was also produced as evidence against the General, citing that these where used as methods to undermine local populations and instill fear amongst the citizens of these villages.
The government changed its tactics to end the rebellion, resorting to low intensity war. Paramilitaries with differing levels of tacit and explicit support terrorized Zapatistas and their sympathizers. The killings in Acteal in 1997 that claimed the lives of 45 innocent people remains a particularly gruesome example of paramilitary massacres.
Before meeting her lover Augustus Waters, Hazel was just a sixteen year-old girl with cancer surviving rather than living life, attending college, and repeatedly reciting the same book. Hazel’s mother encouraged Hazel to attend a support group in order to express her feelings to people who understand Hazel and her cancer. Her mother did everything for Hazel from driving Hazel to support group to bringing Hazel to meet...
In the northeast the sierra slopes downward to a vast, flat tropical jungle, the selvas, extending to the Brazilian border and forming part of the Amazon Basin. The mountain attains a maximum width of about 965 km (about 600 mi) in the north and constitutes some 60 percent of the Peruvian land area; it is covered with thick tropical forests in the west and with dense tropical vegetation in the center and east.
For instance, Hazel’s realization of the facticity of cancer restricted her existence and essence as she becomes an observer of her own life. She often perceives herself as a “grenade” that would ultimately harm those around her, especially her family, when she passes away. Despite of her observant condition, Hazel expresses her perception of death throughout the direct dialogue, “forever is an incorrect concept” . Therefore, the relationship between Hazel and her parents is pivotal in order to determine the evolution of Hazel’s “essence” and “existence”, causing her to understand her parents will never view her as a “grenade”
In the west is a great basin, or depression, containing two lakes, Nicaragua, the largest in Central America, and Managua. The two are connected by the Tipitapa River. A chain of volcanoes, which are a contributory cause of local earthquakes, rise between the lakes and the Pacific coast. In the east, the Caribbean coastal plain known as the Costa de mosquitoes (Mosquito Coast) extends some 45 mi. inland and is partly overgrown with rain forest.
“South America.” World Geography. Ed. Sumner, Ray. Vol. 3. Pasadena, California: Salem Press, 2001. Print.
Honduras has many landforms that differ from beautiful sandy beaches to furious rugged mountains. The highest point above sea level is Cerro Las Minas; it stands 2,870 meters above sea level. There is also the Sierra de la Botija mountain range which is located along the border of Honduras and Nicaragua. There are also many other mountain regions such as Cerro El Pital, Pico Bonito, Montaña Cerro Grande, and the Cerro El Eslabón. These are only a few of the Honduran mountains. Honduras has a lot of mountains and some mountain ranges.
The country’s two coastlines are referred to as the Caribbean and Pacific, rather than the north and south coasts. To the east is Colombia and to the west Costa Rica. Pacific. Dominant features of their landform is highlands forming the continental divide. The higher elevations near borders with Costa Rica and Colombia. The highest point in the country is the Volcán Barú which rises to almost 3,500 meters. The lowest elevation is in the middle of the country where it is crossed by the Panama Canal.
The measure of petroleum abundance and production in Nigeria is measured by the United States. According to the statistical data and the U.S. measures, Nigeria reserves make the country the tenth petroleum-richest nation, and by far, one of the most affluent countries in Africa. In the middle of 2001 its crude oil production was averaging around 2.2 million barrels per day. Though, there is a very prominent market for offshore rigs, nearly all of Nigeria’s primary reserves are in and around the delta of the Niger river. Ever since Nigeria became independent, it is one of the few oil producing countries that can increase its oil output drastically. The g...
...o lakes and killing fish and the harmful chemicals we breathe from plastics. Therefore, scientists all over the world study organic compounds for research to get as many benefits as they can and to stop the harmful effects of using organic compounds. Scientists test how food should be stored and prepared so we do not get sick. Nutritionists study the proper diet for maximum chemical processes in the body. Environmental scientists show how human activity affects the environment. Forensic scientists test samples from people, plants and soil to find contamination or poisons. Even in the jungles of the Amazon, the people know how to use organic compounds to heal sicknesses. They may not call it organic chemistry, but essentially it is the same thing, the study of carbon compounds. As long as there is life on earth, there will always be a place for organic chemistry.
However, even though a feminist view helps to encourage certain views in the text, it can be restrictive. This is because it does not allow the reader to discover other potential meanings such as a Marxist or a Psychoanalytical perceptive. For instance, in Salome a Marxist critic may be interested in the sexual power that the woman misuses. In addition, a psychoanalytic perspective allows us to see that it is the unconscious mind that is driving Salome to do such acts. This idea is reinforced through the Lois Tysons idea that “we unconsciously behave in ways that allow us to “play out”…our conflicted feelings about the painful experiences we repress”.
Biochemistry came ahead the science scene in the early 1900's with the presence of the first biochemical diaries, the shaping of an area of biotic science by the American Chemical Society, and the making of organic chemistry divisions in examination colleges and restorative schools. However contemplates at the interface of science and science had as of recently started in mid nineteenth century. In the early 1900's organic chemist...
This science is directly associated with chemistry through different concepts and applications. In order to be successful this division of science, a biochemist needs to have a strong understanding of atomic structure in various molecules and elements. They need to be able to understand the structure of the diverse molecules that they are working with and should be able to predict the outcome of certain chemical reactions. Furthermore, biochemists should be just as aware of certain molecules and substances that would not react well together. Ultimately, one of the biggest factors in biochemistry is being able to balance the molecules of the substance that is being created. However, biochemists not only need to be sure that the substance they are creating is balanced, but the substance created balances when combined with living organisms. If the substance created reacts poorly with the chemicals within a living organism, the outcome could very dangerous. Since there are important concepts a biochemist needs to understand, there are some specific chemistry concepts that they must apply. A basic concept they must know, as previously stated, is stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is vital to biochemists because they need to know how to balance certain substances to achieve the reaction they want. Since they are also working on the molecular