The DSM-IV, classifies personality disorder in categories, identifying significant maladaptative personality traits and most of the diagnosis are validated. Those types of disorders are linked to cognitive and perceptual abnormalities that affect the lives of individuals. The validity and accuracy of the DSM-IV has been questioned due to the absence of a dimensional model for personality disorders. (Lynan, 2001).The Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality illustrated five domains of personality used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. FFM is a basic configuration of the dimensions of personality which are related to the symptoms present in personality disorders. The personality disorders section of the DSM-IV is been revised in an attempt to address the issue of whether to change the actual categorical model for a dimensional model. There are studies that support this change, however the opponents to the change argue that does not have clinical utility (First, 2005) currently the categorical model and the FFM are under active investigation, comparing the clinical utility of both models. (Lowe & Widiger, 2009). Rottman and colleagues conduct a study in which clinicians have to identify the DSM-IV personality disorders in the basis of an FFM profile or on the basis of the complete set of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for personality disorders. They concluded that is easier for clinicians to identify a personality disorder using the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria compare to FFM profile. Also clinicians identify correctly a personality disorder 82% of the time based on the DSM but only 47% of the time when the used the FFM profile.(Rottman,2009). ... ... middle of paper ... .... Cambridge University Press. Page 24. Model of Personality Disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. Rottman, B. M., Ahn, W. K., Sanislow, C. A., & Kim, N. S. (2009). Can clinicians recognize DSM–IV personality disorders from five-factor model descriptions of patient cases? American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 427–433. Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2006). Clinicians' judgments of clinical utility: A comparison of the DSM-IV and five-factor models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 298-308. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.298 Skodol, A., & Bender, D. (2009). The future of personality disorders in DSM-V? American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 388–391. Widiger, T. A., Simonsen, E., Krueger, R. F., Livesley, W. J., & Verheul, R. (2005). Personality disorder research agenda for DSM-V. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 315–33
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
(312) When answering the question we first need to understand what reliability and validity means and why it is important to include them in the criteria to judge DSM-5. Reliability is the consistency of the assessment measurements throughout the test. Whereas validity is when the test actually measures what it is suppose to measure (Comer, 2013, pp.84). Now that we know what reliability and validity are we can now apply it to DSM-5, but what is DSM-5? DSM-5 is shortened from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of mental Disorders and the five shows how much it has changed over the years. This classification wouldn’t be possible without Emil Krapelin who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior which helped form the first DSM. The DSM-5 list approximately 400 mental disorders each one explains the criteria for diagnosing the disorder and key clinical features and sometimes describes features that are often times not related to the disorder. The classification is further explained by the back ground information such as: research finds, age, culture, gender trends, and each disorder’s prevalence, risk, course, complications predisposing factors, and family patterns (Comer, 2013, pp.100).
Frances, A., & Ross, R. (1996). DSM-IV case studies a clinical guide to differential diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
particular group of people whose symptoms are indicative of personality disorders, and are between neuroses and psychoses (Manning, 2011, p. 12). Personality disorders are extremely pervasive because they effect a person’s “mood, actions, and relationships” (Manning,
Personality disorders have always been viewed as a possible category for a psychological disorder. However, in the new edition of the DSM, it will be getting its own diagnostic category. In viewing personality disorder, one can only agree that it should have its own diagnostic category. The reason that these changes are being supported is because of the causation, diagnosis, and treatment of personality disorders.
Wonderlich, Stephen A. et al. Five Year OUtcom from Eating Disorders: Relevance of Personality Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders. Vol 15(3), 233-243.(1994).
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning. Personality disorders can affec...
Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., & McClelland, G. M. (1994). Does psychiatric disorder predict
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
Identification of any psychosocial or contextual factors to be considered, as outlined in the DSM-5
JASON RENTFROW, P. (2009). World of Psychology: The Big Five Model of Personality. Retrieved March 7, 2014, from PsychCentral: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/11/10/the-big-5-model-of-personality/
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed.
Ullrich, S., Farrington, D., & Coid, J. (2007). Dimensions of DSM-IV personality disorders and life-successes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 657-663.
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The Five-Factor Model of Personality gives an insight to psychologists when dealing with patients and test subjects. Due to this theory, research psychologist are able to research personality more accurately and uphold a better understanding when discussing the reasoning behind certain pre-disposed tendencies. Also, counselors which practice different types of therapy are enabled to learn details concerning their patient that can assist in the treatment of that specific patient. There have been multiple disputes in regards to the validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality theory. Many skeptics believe that there are too many variations that come into play when dealing with personality in order to accurately depict and diagnose a 100% accurate declaration of ones’ characteristics (McCrae, 1991). The issue with relying on the model in order to declare one’s characteristics is that there is often overlap between the degrees of high and low (Popkins, 1998). Although this is a valid statement, the model is a significant role in sorting through the variations to achieve a probable consensus. Therefore, the model cannot achieve a result without any probable cause for doubt but generally will provide a clear depiction of ones’ traits and