According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, anti-Semitism is hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group. There are two main types of anti-Semitism: classical anti-Semitism and modern anti-Semitism. Classical anti-Semitism is the hatred and intolerance towards Jews because of their religious differences. According to remember.org,
“Modern anti-Semitism, in contrast to earlier forms, was based not on religious practices of the Jews but on the theory that Jews comprised an inferior race. Anti-Semites exploited the fact that Jews had been forced into exile by extolling as ‘fact’ that their ‘rootlessness’ had a genetic basis. A Jew was a Jew not because he or she practiced any particular religion, but because it was a character of his or her blood.”
The main difference between classical and modern anti-Semitism is that Jews who faced classical anti-Semitism were given the opportunity to convert and erase their stain of Jewishness, and be able to have access into Christian society. Whereas Jews facing modern anti-Semitism would forever be Jews no matter what proceedings they partook in. The Mortara case, a famous and controversial case in Jewish history that took place around 1858, demonstrates both classical and modern anti-Semitism.
The Mortara case involves the kidnapping of a young Jewish boy named Edgardo Mortara. The story begins when the Italian police inform the Mortara parents, Marianna and Momolo Mortara, that Edgardo has been baptized and according to the law of the Pontifical State, a Christian is not permitted to live in a Jewish home. Marianna and Momolo Mortara figure out that their old caregiver, Anna Morisi was guilty of secretly baptizing their son Edgardo...
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Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Kertzer, David I.. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. 1st Vintage Books Ed ed. New York: Vintage, 1998. Print.
Martinez’s story is not so much one that pieces together the events of the crash, nor the lives of the three youths, but it is an immigrant’s tale, discovered through the crossings of the various Chavez family members and profiles of Cheranos in Mexico.
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Garcia, Monica, and Kyle Putnam. "The Story of Gregorio Cortez." The Story of Gregorio Cortez. N.p., 7 May 2001. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. .
6. Love, Edgar F. “Negro Resistance to Spanish Rule in Colonial Mexico.” The Journal of Negro History 52, no. 2 (1967): 89-103.
This text exhibits the events of the 1937 Parsley Massacre. Similar to Junot Diaz’s, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, this text refers back to Trujillo’s dictatorship in the Dominican Republic. Trujillo organized a genocide of Haitians who were in D.R. Danticat allows readers to experience this traumatic event through the perspective of Amabelle Desir, the main character.
Crassweller, Robert D. Trujillo: The life and times of a Caribbean dictator. New York: Macmillan.1966.
Beith, Malcolm. The Last Narco: Inside the Hunt for El Chapo, the World's Most Wanted Drug Lord. New York: Grove, 2010. Print.
Sante, L. (1991). Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York. New York: Vintage Books.
Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca. "The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca" University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
de la Cruz, Juana Ines. "Hombres Necios." A Sor Juana Anthology. Ed.Alan S. Trueblood. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1988.
Urrea, Luis Alberto. The Devil’s Highway: A True Story. New York: Little, Brown, 2004. Print.
In September of 1973, a young idealistic American hailing from a wealthy upper-class New York family named Charles Horman and his wife Beth were living in Chile. A free-lance writer, Charles was a curious fellow, meticulously recording conversations and events he deemed significant. On September 11th, a coup d’etat led by the military junta and army leader Augusto Pinchot overthrew the existing socialist government of President Salvador Allende. In the confusion and chaos surrounding the immediate aftermath of the coup, Charles was separated from his wife, never to be seen or heard from again. While Beth was convinced that Charles had been captured by the Chilean government with the complicity of the American State Department, her father-in-law, Ed Horman, a well-connected and successful industrial designer, soon joined her efforts to recover his son, but began the process certain that his naïve romantic left-leaning son had gotten entangled within complicated political matters and was at fault for his own
Kahn, Karim. "The Curious Case of Fernando Pessoa." - from The Secret Lives, Hidden Guises Issue. Somethinkblue, 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.