I am going to discuss three scientists first will be Sir Francis Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus, and last but not least Galileo Galilei. All three of the scientists have made many contributions to the world of science.
The first of the three scientists I am going to discuss is Sir Francis Bacon. Sir Bacon was born in London in 1561. He entered law school at Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of 12. He held many positions in the British government from Assistant ambassador to the French ambassador to Appointed as the Lord Chancellor. Sir Bacon promoted investigators to conduct experiments, promote things of use, and practice for man’s life. He promoted three distempers the advancement of learning “fantastical learning,” “contentious learning,” and “delicate learning”.
The next person to be discussed is Nicolaus Copernicus he was an astronomer and mathematician. Copernicus proposed that the sun was stationary and that the earth revolved around it. His models made the distance from the sun comparable to the size of the planet. Copernicus concept had a misconception that his model did away with the epicycles, but in actuality it just limited the use of models. However, Copernicus’ model showed that all the planets had a circular orbit as opposed to the ellipses.
The third and final scientist is Galileo Galilei. Galileo introduced the theory of proving or disproving other scientific theory by conducting experiments and observing the results. He invented the first scientific measuring device in 1593 he called it the thermometer. Galileo also made some improvements to the telescope. To find the specific gravity of an object is to weigh that object in water. He had also proved that objects accelerate ...
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...one another. Also that the religious authorities should not have the authority to regulate what is taught in the public schools around the world.
Works Cited
Tredennick, H. (2003). Phaedo-Wisdom and the Soul. The last days of Socrates (pp. 97-199). London: Penguin Books.
Klein, Juergen, "Francis Bacon", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .
Rabin, Sheila, "Nicolaus Copernicus", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .
"Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642)." World of Earth Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Gale Cengage, 2003. eNotes.com. 2006. 25 Sep, 2011
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The scientific revolution can be considered one of the biggest turning points in European history. Because of new scientific ideas and theories, a new dawn of thinking and questioning of natural elements had evolved. Scientific revolution thinkers such as Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus all saw nature as unknowable and wanted to separate myths from reality. During the scientific revolution during mid 1500-late 1600s, key figures such as Isaac Newton and Nicolaus Copernicus greatly impacted Europe in terms of astronomical discoveries, scientific methods, and the questioning of God to challenge the church’s teachings.
Nicolaus Copernicus was the one who argued that the sun was in the middle and the earth was revolving in the middle
In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Canon, published “On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs”. The popular view is that Copernicus discovered that the earth revolves around the sun. The notion is as old as the ancient Greeks however. This work was entrusted by Copernicus to Osiander, a staunch Protestant who though the book would most likely be condemned and, as a result, the book would be condemned. Osiander therefore wrote a preface to the book, in which heliocentrism was presented only as a theory which would account for the movements of the planets more simply than geocentrism did, one that was not meant to be a definitive description of the heavens--something Copernicus did not intend. The preface was unsigned, and everyone took it to be the author’s. That Copernicus believed the helioocentric theory to be a true description of reality went largely unnoticed. In addition to the preface, this was partly because he still made reassuring use of Ptolemy's cycles and epicycles; he also borrowed from Aristotle the notion that the planets must move in circles because that is the only perfect form of motion.
The first record of the movement of the planets was produced by Nicolaus Copernicus. He proposed that the earth was the center of everything, which the term is called geocentric. Kepler challenged the theory that the sun was the center of the earth and proposed that the sun was the center of everything; this term is referred to as heliocentric. Kepler’s heliocentric theory was accepted by most people and is accepted in today’s society. One of Kepler’s friends was a famous person named Galileo. Galileo is known for improving the design and the magnification of the telescope. With improvement of the telescope Galileo could describe the craters of the moon and the moons of Jupiter. Galileo also created the number for acceleration of all free falling objects as 9.8 meters per second. Galileo’s and Kepler’s theories were not approved by all people. Their theories contradicted verses in the bible, so the protestant church was extremely skeptical of both Galileo and Kepler’s
Francis Bacon ~ used the scientific method to conduct experiments, he is known as a father of modern science for this.
Francis Bacon - He was one one of the big contributors in the Enlightenment. He was recognized for his reasoning , methods & his well thought philosophies. He came up with the “scientific method”. The scientific method is techniques for DISCOVERING phenomena , LEARNING new knowledge , AND correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
Copernicus was a scientist and philosopher whose theory proposed that the sun was stationary, and the heavens orbit around the sun. Galileo tried to convince the Church not to abolish the Copernican theory but was told that he was not to entertain such thoughts with others.... ... middle of paper ... ...(n.d.).
When most people think of the Scientific Revolution, they think of scientists such as Galileo, Newton, Brahe, and Boyle. However, many people do not even know about the many women who played a vital role in the scientific advancements of this period. Even when these women were alive, most of society either ignored them or publicly disapproved their unladylike behavior. Because of this, these women were often forgotten from history, and very little is known about the majority of them. Although their names rarely appear in history books, the female scientists of the Scientific Revolution still impacted the world of science in several ways. In fact, all of the scientists listed above had a woman playing an influential role assisting them in their research. However, assisting men in their studies was not the only role open to women; several women performed experimentation and research on their own, or advancing science in some other way, even though the society of the time looked down upon and even resisted their studies.
Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time).
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician who lived between 1671-1630. Kepler was a Copernican and initially believed that planets should follow perfectly circular orbits (“Johan Kepler” 1). During this time period, Ptolemy’s geocentric theory of the solar system was accepted. Ptolemy’s theory stated that Earth is at the center of the universe and stationary; closest to Earth is the Moon, and beyond it, expanding towards the outside, are Mercury, Venus, and the Sun in a straight line, followed by Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the “fixed stars”. The Ptolemaic system explained the numerous observed motions of the planets as having small spherical orbits called epicycles (“Astronomy” 2). Kepler is best known for introducing three effectual, applicable and valid laws of planetary motion by using the precise data he had developed from Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer, which helped Copernicus’s theory of the solar system gain universal reception (“Johan Kepler” 1). Nevertheless, he had made further effective contributions in the field of astronomy, which are valid to society and were used to change how the universe was perceived.
Another important individual who drove history was the Italian astronomer and scientist Galileo Galilei. Galileo discovered something so important that it changed the selfish perspective that humans were the center of the universe and led to the growth of human knowledge. Utilizing mathematics and a telescope he had developed, Galileo observed that the planets revolved around the sun and not the Earth. This was a significant discovery because not only did it contradict what the church had taught, it also showed that the universe was not what it seemed. With this truth uncovered, many people began to fascinate over the universe. This triggered people to begin studying space extensively and eventually lead to present day space exploration. Galileo also left a lasting impression upon many great minds, such as Sir Isaac Newton, who used Galileo's research and theories to further his own studies such as the physical laws, and their properties.
At the time just prior to the revolution, ideas and thoughts had been based strictly around faith and not scientific reasoning. The founders of the revolution took a leap of faith into an unknown realm of science and experimentation. Four of the many brilliant founders of the Scientific Revolution; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Brahe, used previous scientific principles and their own genius to make advances in science that are still being used today. Scientific pamphlets, the telescope, observations of the universe and the creation of ...
The Scientific Revolution was sparked through Nicolaus Copernicusí unique use of mathematics. His methods developed from Greek astr...
The Scientific Revolution by Steven Shapin defines a juncture in history when scholars that originally complied with accepted truths based from ancient Hellenistic Greece and Rome began to question the phenomenon that is our universe. Through observation of experimentation and theory, Shapin guides readers to consider nature as a macrocosm like scholars in this era. Societies during the scientific revolution began to reorder the way they saw the natural world and made efforts to examine nature and science as a closer relationship. While reading the scientific revolution we can examine the shift from stagnant religious beliefs and accepted truths, that were dictated by the middle ages, to the introduction of critical natural scholars like Nicholas Copernicus, Robert Boyle who contributed to the overall rapid aggregation of knowledge in Europe during the 18th century. Through observing and experimenting with the way nature interacts
The Copernican Revolution Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought by Thomas S. Kuhn, is a book that illustrates the importance between man and the natural world from antiquity to the current date. Thomas Kuhn vividly shows us that the Copernican revolution was not only a revolution of scientific theory, but of religious, and conceptual thought as well. Kuhn states in the opening lines of his book that "The Copernican Revolution was a revolution of ideas, a transformation in man's conception of the universe and his own relation to it." Kuhn aims to show us that the transformation of Aristotle's unique, and immobile centre of the universe, to Copernicus' third rock from the sun, had an enormous effect on what we believe and value today.