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The pinochet era in chile
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The pinochet era in chile
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In the 1960s America, the pope of democratic faith, preached to the world about the evils of communism. When Marxist Salvador Allende lost by three percent in the Chilean election of 1958, the United States decided that the next election of 1964, could not be left in the hands of democracy. The United States began to work to stop Allende from becoming president. They went so far as to create projects to help train and organize so-called anti-communists among the peasants, laborers, students, and the media. Despite their efforts, in 1970 Salvador Allende was elected president through plurality. He became the first Marxist in the world to gain power in a free democratic election. Now you might ask, why would the United States be so interested in the politics of a third world country, furthermore the beliefs of one man. After all a person can only do so much, right? Salvador Allende promised to redistribute Chile's income (only two percent of the population received forty-six percent of the income), nationalize major industries (especially the copper companies), and to expand relations with socialist and communist countries. Allende's presidency presented a threat to the United States; a man with such aspirations would have to stray from United States policies and the policies of all other countries. Allende would neither respect nor consider the work the United States had done for them in the past. The United States would no longer be able to act as a parasite, sucking the money out of Chile. The U.S. decided it must stop this man from rising to power as soon as possible. While U.S. government hostility to the Allende regime is not doubted, the U.S. role in the coup itself remains a controversial matter. Documents show that the CIA had wanted the overthrow of Allende in 1970, immediately after he took office. The CIA was notified by contacts of the impending Chilean coup lead by General Augusto Pinochet two days in advance. Immediately after the Allende government came into office, the U.S. sought to place economic pressure on Chile. U.S. National Security Council documents stated that pressure should be placed on the Allende government to prevent its success and limit its ability to create policies against the U.
At first, the working class heavily supported Allende's campaign. A new movement of younger worker influence occurred during this time period, allowing Allende to accomplish many of the things he did. For instance, in the Yarur factory there was the "strike of 1962" which was the workers rebellion to the new Taylor system of the new generation of workers. They also rebelled because of the "union question" which revolved around three things: job security, free unions, and the elimination of the Taylor system. These were all things that Allende promised to fix, so naturally after a 9 week strike the people of the Yarur factory supported Allende and the promises he gave. All the workers in the Yarur factory were also deeply affected by the characteristics of postwar Chile: "dependency and stagflation, economic inequality and social inequality, the concentration of wealth and the persistence of poverty, the hegemony of the rich and the powerlessness of the poor" (54). These characteristics were the reasons that the working class suffered in Chile, as well as the...
As stronger nations exercise their control over weaker ones, the United States try to prove their authority, power and control over weaker nations seeing them as unable to handle their own issues thereby, imposing their ideology on them. And if any of these weaker nations try to resist, then the wrath of the United States will come upon them. In overthrow the author Stephen Kinzer tells how Americans used different means to overthrow foreign government. He explains that the campaign & ideology of anti- communism made Americans believe that it was their right and historical obligation to lead forces of good against those of iniquity. They also overthrew foreign government, when economic interest coincided with their ideological ones (kinzer.215). These factors were the reasons behind America’s intervention in Iran, Guatemala, South Vietnam and Chile to control and protect multinational companies as well as the campaign against communism with little or no knowledge about these countries.
During the second half of the twentieth century, when the Cold War was on its midst, the United States played an important role in world affairs. The increasing military power that the United States had during the Cold War, allowed it to influence the political decisions that many countries had during this time. The United States directly opposed the idea of communism, which the Soviet Union promoted. This conflict between this two great powers, lasted for five decades, and it tremendously affected the political ideologies of the world. Both countries tried to push their political and economic interest to as many nations as they could, especially those close to their borders. During this time, Guatemala was undergoing a social revolution with communist ideas. The revolution happened as a response to the social injustice committed by the United Fruit Company. The United Fruit Company started to lose land, due to a land reform passed b...
In the year 1970 Salvador Allende, a member of the Chilean socialist party, was elected President. Salvador Allende was considered to be a Marxist President during a time where the Cold War and the fight between capitalism and communism were at a high. After being elected President, Allende made many moves to nationalize Chilean industries such as their copper industry; this was seen as a threat to US geopolitical interest, which would propel the US to stage a coup. Although Allende was part of the socialist party and indeed had Marxist tendencies; he did not seek support from the Soviet Union until after the US cut all ties to his administration. This begs the question, had the US tried a more diplomatic approach to the Allende administration would the coup have been avoided? Nevertheless, Allende’s political views were fundamentally different from that of the U.S. which is why the CIA supported a military coup led by Augusto Pinochet. The coup itself was extremely violent and oppressive which led to the death of Salvador Allende and thousands of Chilean members of the socialist party and any citizens that openly opposed the new military dictatorship. It is also important to note that during this time period there was a growing disdain against the U.S within Latin America. This led to many countries to begin nationalizing its resources (most notably Chile). The U.S mantra of fighting for the freedom and democracy of all people could not have been more threatened and invalid than after the support of the Pinochet dictatorship. In this specific case, the US got involved and helped overthrow a democratically elected President for the sake of maintaining its control and interest in Chile.
...icies from past Presidents. Furthermore, it was strongly detrimental to Latin America, for the reason that it eliminated the possibility of increasing Latin American exports to the United States, thereby destroying the hopes of Latin American countries focused upon President Nixon’s policy of “trade rather than aid.” During this time, the government justified itself by proclaiming that the United States needed to focus on avoiding involvement and learning from the mistakes made in Vietnam. All in all, over the course of the presidencies of Monroe, Roosevelt, FDR, and Nixon, the U.S. intervened in Latin America numerous times. Now, was it the right thing to do? At those specific points in time, the government thought so. Various arguments can be forged over the suitability of the actions of the U.S. during these times; however that is a discussion for another time.
The United States dire fight to end communism caused them to severely overlook the evil of Pinochet. In search around the globe for rising communism President Nixon instructed the CIA to cause the downfall of Allende, despite a 1970 CIA report that stated “‘the US has no vital national interest within Chile,’ and that the world ‘military balance of power would not be significantly altered’ if Allende came to power” (Kornbluh 2003, page 19). Even before Allende became President the fear of having a successful socialist or...
Kennedy proposed this cooperative program to replace prior failing efforts of the United States to aid Latin America. The intended alliance marked a shift toward a policy of expanded U.S. economic assistance to Latin America in the wake of Fidel Castro’s successful Communist revolution in Cuba. The United States was fearful of a communism spread due to the poverty and social inequities of the Latin American nations. The U.S. felt that the southern continent was ripe for violent radical political upheaval, which would eventually bring forth the spread of communism.
The Odyssey is a tale that has changed literature and storytelling. In this tale Odysseus is a Soldier from the battle of Troy trying to get home to his island of Ithaca, where he is king. His wife and son must wait ten years while he is trying to make his way home. In Odysseus’s absence wooer’s, or better known as suitors, learn of his absence and travel to Ithaca to win his wife’s hand in marriage. These men come every day feasting on Odysseus’s food and wine, and give his servant’s orders. His son Telemachus, does his best to keep the suitors from ruining his fathers house but he is only a boy, and doesn’t receive the respect of an adult. Telemachus then has a visit from the god Athena, whom Odysseus is friends with, who advises him to travel to find out about his father. In his travels he hears that Odysseus may still be alive. Meanwhile Odysseus goes through a series of adventures and hardships that prove his wisdom. It is interesting in contrast of the Iliad, even though Achilles was much stronger and a better warrior, Odysseus was portrayed as a greater hero due to his wisdom. He uses this wisdom to escape from the Cyclops.
Frustrated by the economic domination and policing of the United States, Castro started to cut the U.S. out of the economy and find sources elsewhere, the Soviet Union. This eventually led to the end of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba. Castro’s popularity grew considerably, making him a “heroic symbol of anti-imperialism.” (Charlip)
Achilles, who was angry at Agamemnon for hurting his pride left the Greeks at war. Achilles did not return to battle until the death of his closest companion Patroclus, at the hands of Hector. Achilles cause was to avenge the death of his friend and he was loyal because he went into war knowing that his death his fated if he did. Odysseus fought with the Greeks for ten years during the Trojan war and he also spent ten years to get home to his family. His wife Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus during his twenty years’ absence from his island. She turned down suitors who are wooing her in order to take her husband place as King and uses her intelligence to trick the suitors. Odysseus demonstrated intelligence through his use of the wooden horse and helping his men escape the island of Cyclops. When Odysseus and his men were exploring the caves on the island of Cyclops, they came upon the Cyclops Polyphemus. In order to escape, he got the Cyclops drunk and proceed to stab his eyes and hid himself and his men under the Cyclops sheep. Odysseus and his men used the sheep to escape because the Cyclops cannot hear or feel them under the sheep. Also he told the Cyclops his name was Nobody in order to ensure he only had to deal with one Cyclops. In addition to intelligence, both Odysseus and Achilles had fatal flaws, which was their pride. Due to his pride, Odysseus proceeded to tell Polyphemus his real name after his escape. This in turn allowed the Cyclops to tell his father Poseidon who blinded him. In return, Poseidon cursed Odysseus with the fate of wandering the seas for ten years. In the Iliad, pride was Achilles flaw. Achilles did not return to fight for the Greeks after the Mycenae King, Agamemnon hurt his pride by taking his captive Briseis in exchange for returning Chryseis to her father. Achilles tells his mother Thetis to ask Zeus to let the Trojans defeat the Greeks in order for
To combat the nationalization of industry, the 40 Committee - a sub-cabinet level of body of the executive branch which reviewed covert plans - provided “$24,000 as emergency support for an anti-Allende [business] organization.” (US Congress, US Covert Action in Chile) I think the CIA’s wide access to money only emphasizes a growing economic gap (in world trade) between the Global North and the Global South at this time as the US was overflowing with money and Chilean people were starving from lack of basic needs. US President Richard Nixon ordered the CIA to orchestrate a military putsch in the fall of 1970 to try and disrupt the flow of the Allende bureaucracy. This plan came to be known as Track II and involved the abduction of Chile’s commander in chief, General Rene Schneider. On October 22, the men in charge of this plan shot Scheider and the next day, Schneider died in a hospital from multiple gunshot wounds. The plan had gone astray. (Peter Kornbluh, Showdown in Santiago: what really happened in Chile?) The CIA then provided the gang with $35,000 to flee Chile and keep silent about the operation. However, this did not mark the end of the program. Thomas Karamessines, a superior officer in the CIA’s Directorate of Operations, states: “what we were told to do was to continue our efforts. Stay alert, and to do what we could to contribute to the eventual achievement of the objectives
In the wake of WWII, the western world was in a state of perpetual fear. After seeing Marxist influence make a shocking impact wherever it landed, the rise of the Soviet Union, the 26rd of July movement in Cuba, and numerous other revolutions with the goal of radical social and political reforms, the world was divided by two mutually exclusive and hostile ideologies: capitalism and Marxism. The two major superpowers of the time, the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union were at opposite ends of the spectrum. The Marxist revolutions of Europe and Russia gave inspiration to many Latin American revolutionaries. The U.S. wanted to ensure that communism and leftist regimes did not spread, particularly in Latin America, where leftist regimes would especially threaten U.S. business interest. The U.S. for over a century had been imperializing Latin America under a series of façades and in the mid-20th century, McCarthyism became the new catch-all excuse to interfere with the affairs of a sovereign nation. Under the guise of containing the spread of communism, many Latin American governments that tried to deviate from the practice of serving U.S. interest were overthrown with the funding and instruction of the U.S. It was with the watchful and accusing eye of Uncle Sam looming over Latin America that in 1970, that Unidad Popular candidate, Salvador Allende, was democratically elected President of Chile. Even before Allende assumed the presidency, oppositional forces were conspiring to destroy him, everything he was to accomplish, and the pro-working class ideology that he represented. The events that occurred in the three years that his presidency endured and which lead to the coup d’état of Pinochet were the product of U.S. hostility towards any t...
However, this does not necessarily mean colonizing Latin America, but rather having it allied and influenced by the United States' mentality and agenda. The book describes the tactics used by the United States to align these countries' policies and politics with its own. The book effectively portrays the role of the United States in the political affairs of Latin American countries. Higgins examines the Eisenhower administration's invasion of Guatemala, which resulted in a revolt to remove the leftist President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán. The Arbenz administration posed a threat to the dominance of American companies in Guatemala, particularly the United Fruit Company.
The plot of Oedipus Rex uses dramatic irony as a key narrative element. From beginning to the end, Sophocles expose the audience to irony. The result is both shocking and devastating for multiple main characters. Oedipus, for example, states the weight of the punishment Laius’ killer will face. This builds irony because Oedipus is Laius’ killer, but he does not realize it yet. As realization of Oedipus’ crime against the Greek gods begins to set in, so does the climax and resolution of the irony. Overall, Sophocles’ use of dramatic irony is integral to both the progress of the play and to its climax.
The majority of the works written by Sophocles show important messages, in which many of the characters do or fail to achieve, for example in Oedipus The King Sophocles, writes the tale of poor dammed Oedipus a man who desperately wishes to save his city only to discover he is the cause if its ruin. Moreover, this play relates the message of destiny and no matter how hard men try to advert a prophecy ultimately, it will happen. With the conclusion of Oedipus The King, we learn of his children’s fate in Antigone where his sons have died in war battling one another with one defending his city while the other to destroy it. His daughters now must mourn for their deaths, while one complies with Creon’s wishes to leave the traitorous brother to rot the other Antigone defies him. Although both parties hold jurisdiction in their choices it is their reasons and definition of independence, and why Sophocles chooses to write them as such.