Also known as the oxygen family, chalcogens are sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), and polonium (Po). Oxygen (O) is also in group 16, where chalcogens are located on the periodic table. While it is defined as a chalcogen, oxygen and oxides are often separated from chalcogens because its chemical behavior is much different than that of the other elements in the group. The other elements in the group show similar patterns in their electron configurations resulting in similar chemical behavior. The name chalcogen means "ore former," derived from the Greek words chalcos: ore and -gen: formation. An interesting fact is that oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, second most in the Atmosphere, and third in the whole universe. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and very reactive. It’s name is derived from the latin words “oxy” and “gen” meaning “acid forming”. It can be found in the sun and plays a key role in energy production. Although in its natural state it is colorless, when in solid or liquid form, oxygen is a pale blue color. Before Leonardo da Vinci suggested that the air was made up of two different gases, air was thought of as its own element. Joseph Priestley is usually the one credited for discovering oxygen but Carl Wilhelm Scheele also reported it. Sulfur on the other hand, has a yellow color and can come in many different forms. It is often used in rubber and gunpowder. Sulfur is also the tenth most abundant element in the universe. Because it is found in many other minerals, Antoine Lavoisier had to convince the other scientists of his time that sulfur was its own element. Its name is derived from the ancient names for the element. Most sulfur is found in sulfuric acid which is used in many things such as...
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"The Parts of the Periodic Table." The Parts of the Periodic Table. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .
Chemistry Explained." Chalcogens. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Chalcogens.html#b "Oxygen - O." Oxygen (O). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/o.htm "Sulphur - S." Sulphur (S). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/s.htm "Selenium - Se." Selenium (Se). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/se.htm "Tellurium - Te." Tellurium (Te). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/te.htm "Polonium - Po." Polonium (Po). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/po.htm
The introduction of the book is very intriguing, making readers want to read more. It is in fact one of my favorite parts of the book, telling how Kean’s love for the periodic table and its elements started. It then jumps into giving useful facts and information that I was oblivious to. The geography of the elements is told, where they are located and the importance of their
In Chemistry, Neodymium is one of the 118 elements found on Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom and is then advantageously placed in the periodic table which categorizes all elements of the universe. Neodymium was discovered to have a “twin element” and is used for anything from high-powered fans to cellular phones.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
Sulfur goes back to the ancient times but it was called brimstone. In 1979, a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier recognized sulfur was an element and added it to his list of elements. The element sulfur is considered a nonmetal and is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. On the periodic table sulfur is in group sixteen and it is a representative element. Sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.07 with an atomic number of 16. There are three energy levels for sulfur the first energy level is two, the second energy level is eight, and the third energy level is six.
Vital to life, a necessity to combustion, and the component of innumerable compounds, oxygen is by far one of the most important elements. Astoundingly, Oxygen makes up a fifth of our atmosphere, 49.5% of all compounds on Earth contain oxygen, makes up about 2/3 of our body, yet human kind has only know of it since 1977 (http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/8.html). Ironically, within a period of a couple of years, three different men had stumbled upon the vital element. Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Swede, made the initial discovery. However, Joseph Priestly, the man generally attributed with the discovery on the basis of his works being published first, discovered it in 1774. Neither of them quite understood it though, and only a French man by the name of Antoine Lavoisier who would be the first to fully understand it and disprove the old “phlogiston� notion (Priestly Joseph 4). Nonetheless, Carl Wilhelm Scheele was still the first to discover oxygen, a discovery that would be one of many in a rich life.
After finishing his apprenticeship, Carl worked at several different pharmacies all over Sweden until he created his own business. Although he treated scientific research as secondary to his work (Urdang 17), Scheele is described as fanatical and prolific by those who knew him. He was admitted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in 1775, and with his pension, was able to continue experimenting until his death at the age of 44 due to arsenic and cyanide poisoning. Arguably, Scheele’s greatest discovery is oxygen gas. He believed in the phlogiston theory that was prevalent at the time, but his findings are true nevertheless. Carl calculated that about a quarter of air could combust (The Discovery of Oxygen: Part 2), and tried obtaining a pure sample of the gas by heating substances such as HgO, KNO₃, Hg(NO₃)₂, or MnO₂ with H₂SO₄. After conducting these experiments, Carl wrote a book, which was called the Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire. Because this happened after Englishman Joseph Priestley already published on the topic, his work was largely ignored. Besides oxygen Scheele created and discovered many other elements and compounds. For example, by treating MnO₂ with hydrochloric acid, Scheele produced chlorine gas in
Oshun rules over rivers, love, romance, gold, pregnancy, witchcraft, healing, weight loss love, fertility, relationship, and love or wishing spells. When individuals have writer block, Oshun is an excellent Loa to petition. She is also who we go to for spells in money matters. She is the youngest of the female Orishas, but maintains the honor of Great Queen. Oshun heals with her sweet water and honey, infused with her spiritual power. They say Oshun saved the world by seducing Ogun and tempting him to go back the woods. Oshun is a messenger from Olodumare. For this purpose no matter what Orisha governs their head, all who are admitted as priests, have to go to the river and give statement to Oshun.
Now I?m going to give you the chemical breakdown of neon. Neon?s atomic number is #10. Neon has 10 protons, 10 neutrons, and 10 electrons. It belongs to the Noble Gas section of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 20.1797. All the noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell making them stable and un...
From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source; whereas the other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were found in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon Lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in the minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red. Neither, Gmelin or Arfvedson, however, were able to isolate the element itself from the Lithium salts. They both tried to reduce the oxide by heating it with Iron or Carbon, but neither met with the success of W.T. Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy. They managed to perform the first isolation of elemental Lithium by the electrolysis of Lithium oxide. Electrolysis is a chemical reaction, which is brought about by the passage of current from an external energy source such as a battery. In 1855, the scientists Bunsen and Mattiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of Lithium chloride.
The Atmosphere surrounding the earth is a mechanical mixture of gases. The most important of these gases are oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is the essential element for life. It is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and slightly heavier than air. The chief commercial source of oxygen is the atmosphere. Oxygen may be separated from the mixture of gases that make up the atmosphere. This is done by physical means by subjecting air to very high pressures and low temperatures until a point is reached where it passes form the gaseous into the liquid state. Than the liquid is introduce to some warm, so that nitrogen, which has a lower boiling point then oxygen, evaporates off. Oxygen as first prepared by heating certain metals oxides, including mercury oxide.
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
Brand was obsessed with finding the Philosopher’s Stone; this stone reputedly could change metals into gold. With his discovery, this made Brand the first known discoverer of an element. In 1669, he isolated human urine and distilled it which resulted in a white and waxy material. Brand named this material phosphorus (light bearer) because it glowed in the dark. This discovery was kept a secret until 1680 when an English chemist Robert Boyle discovered phosphorus independently. Boyle’s definition of this element was simply “a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction”. This definition of the element lasted for three centuries until the discovery of subatomic
In chemistry, metals compose a great number of the periodic table elements. Each metal has its own characteristic mass,
Antoine Lavoisier and Dalton are responsible for the discovery of 90 natural elements. Dalton also explained the variations of water vapor in the atmosphere, the base of meteorology.