Early scientists were the easiest to describe the gaseous state. The gaseous state first began to be described during late 1662. The gaseous state led to many mathematical equations and formulas that can be applied to all, if not most, gases. In this essay many topics will be discussed. My main focus will include some properties of gases, and explain how the behaviors of gases differ as variables are included.
Gases surround us humans every single day. Many times we overlook gases because it is not something we pay very close attention to. The Earth's atmosphere is what keeps up alive and living each day. The atmosphere is one of the most valuable gas samples to us humans because it contains so many gases. Gases are what help us live every day. To understand the full concept of gases you must understand the properties of gas and their relationships between them.
The behavior of gases varies. As the temperature of gases increase the velocity also increases. The gas particles move in a rapid continuous motion. The particles collide with each other and the container. Because each particle collides with each other or the container they constantly continue to move in different directions. Gas particles will only travel for a small amount because they will eventually collide again.
The general properties of gas vary also. There are three main properties. The first property is that gases are easy to compress. Gases are separated with no set arrangement which makes the gases easily compressible. A gas will always fit into a container. It does not matter what the shape or size is. This is only possible because gas does not contain a definite shape or volume. When gases are compressed to a certain point or temperature, they then ent...
... middle of paper ...
... around to fit your needs and find what variable is missing I the equation. There are many other ways that you can calculate the variables but the equation given above would be considered the easiest and fastest way for solving for an unknown variable.
Some concepts of the gas state take time to fully understand. Provided in this essay were: the properties of gases and how the behavior changes as the variable does. Also included in the essay was the gas laws and Kinetic Molecular Theory. Each postulate was given to be able to fully grasp and understand. Some postulates were given into more detail while other postulates are more self-explanatory. From the information given you can determine the definition and effect of each but some people may wish to take this into more detail. If you wish to do so I have provided some of the sources used while typing this essay.
The general chemical characteristic of gas equilibriums is when the concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time. This is known as the state of reversible reaction. At this state, pressure, density, colour and concentration can be recognised. At equilibrium, both the forward and backward reactions are still continuing because the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal. This leads to the general physical characteristic of gas equilibriums which is the concentration of each substances become constant and the system is said to be at dynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium can be established in physical equilibrium and in chemical equilibrium.
Matter is assumed to be composed of an enormous number of very tiny particles which are indestructible. Gas is a state of matter. These tiny particles are separated by relatively large distances, which interact elastically. This large space between the particles make it easy to compress a gas. Which gives low mass to volume ratio. Particles must be in continual motion. These particles are very fast (usually about 500 meters per second). The molecules in a gaseous state have enough kinetic energy to be essentially independent of each other.
There are many physical properties of neon, such as the fact that it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Also, neon is lighter than air. With a density of density 0.89990 g/liter. The freezing point of neon is -248.67° C, and the boiling point of neon is -246.048° C, which is even lower than the boiling point of nitrogen (-195.8°C). When under low pressure, neon emits a bright orange-red glow if a small electric current is passed through it. The electron configuration of neon is 1s22s22p6. The chemical properties of neon include the fact that it is not reactive because it has a full outer shell, and therefore cannot gain or lose any electrons. Because of this, neon belongs to a group of elements called "noble gases." These are all gases which have a full outer shell and cannot react in nature. The period of neon is 2, and the group is 18.
In which the graph is directly proportional to the volume and the temperature. As temperature increases, the volume increases, which exhibits a linear function. Therefore a linear equation can be made by using the two given points (85 (T1), 34 (V1 ) and (1 (T2), 29 (V2). By using the slope formula, the slope turn out to be 0.0595 mL/°C. From this the y and x intercept can derived from the slope when setting either x or y as zero to solve for the other. In this case, when x is one of the points such as 1 the y intercept can be solved to be 28.9. When setting y to zero and solving for x the value comes out to be -484(°C) which is the value in which the volume is 0. When comparing it to the actual absolute zero (-273.15°C) it is -77.2% off from the actual value in which the volume is suppose to be zero. At the end, the experiment correlated with Charles ' Law. This can be explained with water entering the test tube. In which lower temperature lowers the volume of the gas in the tube (water going in reducing the volume). When referring to absolute zero, it refers to 0 thermal energy, and in context scientists were able to cool down matter that is very close to this number but did not achieve absolute zero. For gases many factors that contribute on whether gas escape the atmosphere, this include the mass of gas, temperature, gravity, and planet size. The reason Charles ' Law uses the Kelvin scale
is related to the ability of the gas to do expansion work. Heat capacity at constant volume, Cv can be described using the equipartition theory, which states that each mode of motion will contribute to a molecule or atom's energy.
...ed a formula similar to Gay-Lussac’s law of the consistency of the expansion of gases. In 1861 he anticipated Thomas Andrews conception of the critical temperature of gases by defining the absolute boiling point of a substance as the temperature at which cohesion and hear of vaporization become equal to zero and the liquid changes to vapor, irrespective of the pressure and volume.
On earth, substances tend to exist in one of three phases; either a solid, liquid, or gas. While solids and liquids have defining factors such as volume, and for solids only, a shape, gases exhibit neither of these. Gases naturally take the shape of and expand into the volume of the container, and change when placed in different surroundings. As gases are constantly moving around and colliding with the walls, they exert a force, or pressure, on the walls of its container. Pressure is one of the characteristic behaviors that gases exhibit, but due to their nature, various factor effect the pressures that a gas can exert. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, scientist began to stumble upon these various factors that affect gases, especially
Lambert, Frank L. The Second Law of Thermodynamics! January 2011. Occidental College. Web 19 April 2015.
Air pressure can be defined as the impact air has against all the surfaces the molecules of air touches, and is measured in Pascals – one Newton per square
Rowlinson, J.S. “James Joule, William Thomson and the Concept of a Perfect Gas.” The Royal
The atmosphere is an open system that consists of a gaseous mixture enveloping a planet (Answers.com). These gasses, known as air, include O2, N2 and H2O. The atmosphere is also composed of water, ice and dust particles. Atmosphere functions like a blanket, keeping Earth's heat from escaping into space (Lenkeit). It has also been compared to a greenhouse: like glass it lets short wave insulation inside, but keeps most of long wave ground radiation from going out (Lenkeit).
Air is composed of molecules. Air is matter. It has mass and takes up space. Air is composed of different gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. Air molecules are in constant motion. As they move, they come in contact with surfaces. Air molecules push and press on the surfaces they contact. The amount of force per unit area that air molecules exert on a surface is called air pressure. (What is Air Pressure 6) Air pressure is caused by all of the air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere pressing down on the Earth's surfaces. We can measure air pressure to help us predict weather conditions around the world. Temperature also affects air pressure because air contracts when it cools and expands when it is heated. So if air above a region of Earth cools, it does not extend to as high an altitude as the surrounding air. In this case, its pressure at higher temperature is lower than in the surroundings even when the pressure at the surface is the same as in surrounding areas. Then air flows into the cooler region at high altitude, making the total weight of air above the region greater than in the surroundings. This is a "high". The cool air descends to the earth's surface. Near the surface, the falling air spreads out,
Fleisher, Paul. Matter and Energy: Principles of Matter and Thermodynamics. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications, 2002.