The Challenges Immigrants Face in Canada

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For a unit increase in human capital the wage will increase by 13857 holding all the other variables constant. This further supports the human capital theory that higher education leads to higher financial returns in the job market. Assuming that the reference category for sex is female, males get 17436 more in wages than females. Age however showed to have a positive correlation with wage where for each year increase in age, wage will increase by 6528. This could imply also that experience which comes with wage contributes to higher returns in the job market. When we compare the estimates for Quebec, Alberta, and Ontario, the average wage is decreases by 3060 for residents of Quebec. It increases by 9167 for Ontario, and 12828 for residents of Alberta.

Looking the immigrant and non-immigrant categories, the average wage increase for immigrants is 1371 while the wage increase is 7193 for non immigrants. This further confirms existing research on the wage disparity between immigrants and non immigrants in the labour market. For example the income of females residents of Ontario between the ages of 25 to 36 were compared controlling for education, women who were visible minorities and immigrants earned on average 22848 less than females who were not visible minorities and non-immigrants who earned 39410 on average. Holding all others things constant, similar disparities were seen among males where immigrant, visible minority males earned on average 40284 less than non-immigrant males who are not visible minorities- earned 56846 on average.

The analyses also showed that females on average earned less compared to males both within immigrant and non-immigration populations. For example immigrant females with university degrees livi...

... middle of paper ...

...atcan.gc.ca/pub/11-008-x/2007004/10312-eng.htm, 2001

Oreopoulos, Phillip. “Why Do Skilled Immigrants Struggle in the Labour Market? A Field Experiment with Six thousand Résumés. May 2009

Anisef, Paul Sweet, Robert Frempong, George. “Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrant and Racial Minority University Graduates in Canada, CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre 2003

Department of Justice, Employment Equity Act (S.C. 1995, c. 44), assed at http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-5.401/index.html

Statistics Canada, 2003 p. 86

Li, P.S. “The Market Worth of Immigrants’ Educational Credentials,” Canadian Public Policy 27, No.1, 2001

Renewing Immigration: Towards a Convergence and Consolidation of Canada’s Immigration Policies and Systems, Published by The Conference Board of Canada, p, 15 2008 assed at http://www.conferenceboard.ca/documents.aspx?DID=2758

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