Adolescent-onset CD The onset of symptoms coincides with the onset of adolescence. This group tends to be less aggressive, and are less likely to continue to show the behaviour into adulthood (Frick, 2012; Frick & Vidin, 2009; Moffitt, 2006). The adolescent-onset group is also less likely to show neuropsychological deficits (such as executive functioning deficits), personality risk factors (such as impulsivity and emotional regulation), and cognitive deficits (such as low intelligence) (Frick, 2012; Moffitt, 2006). However, compared to other types of CD, this group tends to be more rejecting of conventional values and status hierarchies and show greater rebelliousness (Dandreaux & Frick, 2009). It has been proposed by many that the adolescent-onset type of CD, can be viewed as an exaggeration of normal adolescent development (Moffitt, 2006), as some level of rebellious behaviour is normative in the adolescent years. However those with adolescent-onset CD are likely to exhibit more severe and impairing rebellion than typically normal, due to a range of factors. These factors include; poor parental supervision, deviant peer groups, lack of regard for institutions and certain personality traits (such as those characterised by a rejection of traditional status) (Dandreaux & Frick, 2009). CD with CU traits One type of CD – termed ‘CD-CU’ is characterised by early childhood onset and the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, such as; a lack of guilt, lack of concern about others’ feelings, no concern over one’s own performance and a lack of meaningful emotional expression (Frick, 2012; Patrick, 2006). These traits have been likened to those of adulthood psychopathy (Hare & Neumann, 2006). Children with this type of... ... middle of paper ... ...d by the lack of a ‘conscience’, as these children are aware that their actions are undesirable, and often show remorse. Research has shown, that these children are likely to have had a poor upbringing, with hostile and inconsistent parenting practices. Based on the characteristics of CD-EBD group, it seems that their behaviour is linked to deficits in cognitive and/or emotional regulation of behaviour combined with negative family experiences (Frick & Viding, 2009). It is probable that deficits in verbal abilities combined with inadequate socializing experiences result in difficulties with the executive control of behaviour (such as being unable to anticipate negative consequences of behaviour). Furthermore, the emotional characteristics of the disorder coupled with the negative parenting could offer an explanation of the problems regulating emotional responses.
Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, (40), 519-528.
Conduct Disorder (CD) appears to be linked with substance abuse disorders (SUD) among adolescents when compared to other mental disorders within this population. There is a strong correlation between childhood diagnosis of CD because of environmental and genetic factors and is more common among boys than girls when there is a positive parental history of SUD. Pagliaro & Pagliaro (2012) have indicated that a dual diagnosis involving CD may be mediated among adolescents with childhood A-D/HD by the factor of deviant peer affiliation and co-morbidity of CD or of ODD is at an increased risk for developing a peer-mediated SUD during adolescence.
According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems.
Antisocial personality disorder is a personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for a violation of other people’s rights. Explanations of antisocial personality disorder come from the psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological models. As with many other personality disorders, psychodynamic theorists propose that this disorder starts with an absence of parental love during infancy leading to a lack of basic trust. In this view, the children that develop this disorder respond to early inadequacies by becoming emotionally distant, and they bond with others through use of power and destructiveness. Behavioral theorists have suggested that antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling, or imitation. As evidence, they point to the higher rate of antisocial personality disorder found among the parents of people with this disorder. Other behaviorists suggest that some parent’s unintentionally teach antisocial behavior by regularly awarding a child’s aggressive behavior. The cognitive view says that people with this disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other people’s needs. Cognitive theorists also believe that these people have a genuine difficulty recognizing a point of view other than their own. Finally studies show that biological factors may play an important role in developing antisocial disorder. Researchers have found that antisocial people, particularly those with high impulse and aggression, display lower serotonin activity and has been linked this same activity with other studies as well.
Raine, A. (2008). From genes to brain to antisocial behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 323-329.
I have decided to research the development of antisocial personality disorders due to the quality of early childhood care and early childhood experiences. Antisocial personality disorder is described generally as disregard for others. Diagnosing ASPD involves features such as delinquency, physical assaults, deceitfulness and lying, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. This topic appealed to me because my step sister goes to see a therapist and they have reason to believe that she may have an antisocial or borderline personality disorder. While I won’t divulge, she has had many traumatic childhood experiences and had quite the rough upbringing with her parents. This led me to be interested in this article and to find out more about the connections between the two phenomena.
An interesting distinction between the two subcategories is that those diagnosed with early-onset Conduct Dis...
Today. Sussex Publishers, LLC, 6 Dec. 2009. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. Sztukowski, Ed. "Rebellious Teenagers." All Psychology Careers.
Why do so many children and adults have aggressive behavior? Could this be linked to nature or Nurture? Aggression could start at a young age and continue on until adulthood, and a significant issue can also prompt it. Sometimes the pressure of peers and the role model of parents can be a trigger to some negative behavior. Most individuals describe aggression as rage, fighting or committing a violent crime. But in reality not all types of aggression is negative, it can be used in the case of a dog guarding a home or a parent protecting their child. Some aggression becomes problematic when it intensifies to abnormal or violent. Many different circumstances in a person’s life can contribute to aggression. It has been linked to life changes like adding a new
Conduct disorder (CD) in children and adolescence is a serious matter that has major adverse effects to the child, to their parents, and to their entire community. This disorder is chronic and worsens overtime that forces the child into a life of risky aggressive impulses, pattern of destructive behavior, disregard for rules, regulation, and authority. Since CD is a condition that develops over a long period of time, children can carry the side effects of negative behaviors into their adulthood. CD is one of the most common diagnosed disorder among children and adolescence, and according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Mental health integration, 2009), “Conduct Disorder s repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated” (Mental health integration, 2009). At a young age, children with CD will have difficulties in school; learning, forming friendships, and become socially rejected by their peers. By the time the child is an adolescent, CD can stem into many other undesired mental concerns and disorders. An adolescent with CD will likely have numerous run-ins with the law, difficulties forming and maintaining relationships, and difficulty sustaining long-term employment. Some symptoms of CD is bulling, fighting, cruelty to people or animals, rape, vandalism, fire-setting, robbery, theft, and school truancy (Mental health integration, 2009). It is important to note that the average child and adolescent may act on one or two of the symptoms, and that is completely normal. It starts to become a concern when these symptoms are constant and repetitive.
The important feature of antisocial personality disorder is a blatant and pervasive pattern of violation of the rights of other persons. The onset of this pattern is at childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. This particular pattern is also referred to as psychopathy, sociopathy or dissocial personality disorder. In order for a person to be diagnosed with ASPD, the individual must have a history of symptoms of conduct disorder 15 years and must be at least 18 years old. Conduct disorder means the individual must have a repetitive and persistent pattern of violating the rights of others around him; for example, aggression to persons and animals, destruction to property, deception, theft and serious violation of rules. The behavour might become less evident as the individual becomes
Externalizing and internalizing behaviors of students with EBD have numerous comparisons, beginning with the display of both dimensions in individual students. Many students may show behavior characteristics of both externalized and internalized nature as neither is exclusive to problem behaviors exhibited by those with the condition. Comorbidity is not unusual in students with EBD as a student may display multiple behaviors associated with internalizing problems, such as a short attention span or a lack of concentration, and those associated with externalized problems such as physical and verbal disputes; rarely does an individual student with EBD exhibit only one type of maladaptive behavior. Students may display characteristics of behavior with various degrees of severity or intensity, which is either externalized or internalized behaviors may be exhibit...
The Biosocial Theory unfolds his delinquent behavior. This theory depicts that social and biological bases are the ultimate causes of any thought or behavior that a minor may have. Genetics and social environment are used as a basis or a tool to spark delinquent behavior in a minor. The behavior may be just naturally biological where minors find themselves just committing crime, as either of the parents was a criminal or the socialization may be disrupted hence leading to his delinquent nature. When it comes to pathological traits, kids with abnormal personality (such as Smith) or has physical disabilities tend to be hostile. This is because their self-esteem is lowered by environmental stressors (Friedlander,
Hare, Robert D. "Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion." Psychiatric Times. (1996): n. page. Print.
An adult that has Antisocial Disorder normally begins with Conduct Disorder as a child . Children with CD (Conduct Disorder) are found when the child has a history of “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms of rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of three (or more) of the following criteria in the past twelve months, with at least one criterion present in the past six months.” These criteria include, aggression towards all living beings, such as people and animals,the defacement of property, deceitfulness and thief, and having no regards for the rules. Conduct Disorder is based on three levels: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild cases are people who lie, skip school, and staying out late without consent. Children starting at the age of 10 must have at least one of the symptoms that make up CD, they would then be categorized under the mild stage since their symptom is deceitfulness and thievery. The moderate form of this disorder includes stealing and defacing property. Severe CD is when a person either acts upon or deeply considers rape, abuse, theft, vanda...