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KASHMIR ISSUE
introduction of kashmir conflict
introduction of kashmir conflict
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I often think why the people of Kashmir were denied their right of self determination. Why they were sold away like a commodity. Did they not possess the status of human beings? Were they not a part of the united India like other Muslims of India? When a rule of democracy and self determination was being followed by the people of every part of the country then, how it came to be unavailable for this part of India.
Every one knows that the Muslims of India were not willing to live with biased Hindu majority because of their hypocritical character, pagan ideologies and no belief in the Day of Judgment. Muslims of India had realized this fact. The Two-Nation theory was the result of their feelings. The Muslim League was founded by Muslims of India in 1906. Allama Iqbal promulgated the idea of separate land piece for the Muslims of India in 1930. This idea of independent state was endorsed by the Muslims of all India in March 1940 through the Pakistan Resolution at Lahore. The idea of independent state in the territories where the Muslims were in majority was also accepted and endorsed by the British Government of India in June 1943. All of these facts are on the record and no one can deny it.
If the rule was democracy, if the rule was the aspirations of the majority of the people, as today the people of the world accept and according to which government of India acceded and annexed the two Muslim princely states of Junagadh and Hyderabad to their dominion then, why the people of Kashmir were not allowed to exercise the same. This shows that the Muslims of India were right in their thinking of Hindu hypocrisy, bias and selfishness.
Kashmir was a Muslim majority territory through centuries with 94 per cent Muslim population....
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...f unfair means to prolong its illegal occupation of the held Kashmir such as armed forces with extra ordinary authorities to curb the protest of the people.
Pakistan has been continually supporting the Cause of Kashmir. From the first day to this day, every Popular Pakistani leader has been striving to provide the people of Kashmir the right of self determination. Quaid e Azam, Shaeed Liaquat Ali Khan and Shaheed Z.A. Bhutto declared that the Pakistan will fight for thousand years Shaheed B.B. declared the February 5th as the Kashmir Solidarity Day. Nawaz Sharif is determined to fight on every level for Cause of Kashmir. The Parliamentary Special Committee on Kashmir has been also established to achieve the same object. Pakistan holds that the status quo cannot be considered as a solution and insists on a plebiscite as enshrined in the United Nations Resolutions.
The Partition of India led to millions of people displaced and marked as one of the largest mass migration ever over the world. August 15, 1947 was a very significant day for Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and many others. It marked the day of the British partition of India, and India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 200 years of British rule. This successful attainment of independence from colonial rule defined a narrative of religious nationalism, but also has led to displacement and violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan. Once a peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus had become separated, whereas Muslims got Pakistan and Hindus got an independent India (Best et al, 2008). “The Other Side of Silence” (Butalia, 2000, pp.264-300) the oral testimony of a Punjabi woman Maya Rani, who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition. Her testimony was crucial to understand the historiography of the event, because she was a witness of the impact of the Partition, but she was not directly involved in the violence that the emergence and independence of India that has brought.
Self determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. This is exactly what India and Pakistan were able to do when they were separated. For example, they both played parts in the cold war. India was completely neutral, and Pakistan allied with the United States to prevent Soviet expansion in Asia (India, 36). Another example would be in 1974 when India tested a plutonium-based bomb after Pakistan celebrated their 40th anniversary separated from India. India said it was a “peaceful nuclear explosive (Schorr, 19). These examples show that the Britain’s separation and withdrawal from the two subcontinents allows them to make their own choices and possibly benefit from
Thousands of years ago, Indian society developed into a complex system based on different classes. This system was known as the Caste System. It separated Indians into different castes based on what class were born into. As thousands of years went by, this system grew larger and became further complex (Wadley 189). This system caused frustration for the Indian citizens because they were receiving inequality. Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
14 August, 1947, saw the birth of the new Islamic Republic of Pakistan. At midnight the next day India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 350 years of British presence in India. During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written an appeal "To Every Briton" to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India (Philips and Wainwright, 567). The British left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one.
"The Hindu : A View from Pakistan: Resolving Kashmir Now." The Hindu. Eqbal Ahmad, Nov. 1996. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
Athwass in its spirit and essence mirrors the ethos of Kashmir, which, for centuries, has represented peace, nonviolence and brotherhood of man (Kaul, 2012). Since 1989, the low-intensity conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has been the most important issue in India's internal security scenario. Possession of the State of Kashmir has been an issue of dispute since 1947 starting with India and Pakistan. After tw...
Ruby Kaur May 10, 2014 Source 1 Ricardo Pollack is distinguished as a director because of the documentary, Partition: The Day India Burned (2007). The documentary itself discusses the detrimental consequences of the withdrawal of Britain's reign from India in 1947, which led to the forced relocation of men, women, and even children across newly defined border lines, along with violence, rape, and murder. The film makes its argument through dramatized reconstructions and witness testimonies, which offer personal insight into the horrors of the partition and conjure up feelings of sympathy and remorse. The film intends to make an educated public more aware of how an ethnically diverse nation was tragically divided and its effects on civilian lives. This is a secondary source with primary sources because it is based on witness testimonies and an actual historical event, but offers its own evaluation on the issue through dramatized reconstructions of the event.
Choudhry, Dr. Shabir. “Human Security and Protection of Rights of Kashmiri People under Pakistani Administration.” Counterurrents.org. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 15 May 2011. .
Within the context of the period 1847-1947 to what extent was Indian independence primarily the result of the growth of Indian nationalism?
“Learn to feel beyond yourself” (Earthlings). Oppression seems inevitable and is brought upon by your sex, race, or species. If only the human race could stop being selfish and feel beyond themselves, the world would be a better place. Oppression is not an ultramodern problem; it has been around since the Earth began to be inhabited. Oppression in India from foreign countries began centuries ago, now only the lasting impression sits. In Surat in 1612, the British built its first factory and founded the East India Company. As a result, many people of India encountered numerous hardships due to industrialization. Before the British conquered Indian lands, the Indians were farming and not technologically advanced. Until 1858, the East India Company quelled any Indian revolts and prolonged the rule of the British. The Indians were forced to acculturate to the English language, education system, religion, and controlling rules. A sepoy mutiny that broke out in 1857 to 1858 led the British to be directly in charge of the people. Sepoys were Indians with authority, but British puppets—meaning the Indian sepoys did anything the British demanded. India was granted self-rule and government in 1935 with the help of Gandhi, a peaceful leader who gained India’s independence, and his method of non-violence and non-cooperation. They did not gain their full independence until 1947 (Infoplease). The joy of the Indians did not linger long enough because the Muslims segregated and moved to their own country Pakistan (Infoplease). Seventeen million Muslims migrated to Pakistan—making it the largest migration ever. Two years later, India affirmed their ...
...dia must realize that only through compromise and negotiation can a resolution be hammered out. This whole issue would not exist if it wasn’t for the Indian army’s heavy handedness and violation of basic human rights, to alienate the people of Kashmir. Current trends show this to continue, so the Kashmiris will not be pacified. Pakistan must also try harder to prevent militants gaining entry into the Indian side of Kashmir and clamp down on religious extremists who train the extremists. That way they can gain the moral high ground in the dispute, with India having no more excuses to commit atrocities. There must be a great deal of trust for both nations to pull their armies out of Kashmir. The success of the plan depends mostly on the United Nations. It has to agree to put its troops in jeopardy, spend substantial amounts in Kashmir and take care of the state for a short period of time. Rome was not built in a day, goes the old proverb, and the “Garden of Eden” will not return to serenity in one either. This investment is worthwhile if there is even the slightest chance that there may finally be peace in the forests of the Kashmir Valley…one less nuclear flashpoint to worry about.
The British invasion formed into a historical development of British colonialism in India. Despite India under the British rule, Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in gaining Independence. He not only changed India but also strongly fought for India's independence, using various strategies. The British Empire ruled as long as they could to reform India both politically and socially.
India, before 1947, was a country divided by many regions, languages, religions and cultures. On August 14th, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan became independent. On August 15th, 1947, the jewel of the British Empire, India, was granted independence. India had been divided, primarily along a religious line, into two pieces.