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culture in 1960's
third wave feminism and patriarchy
culture in 1960's
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The 1960s cultural movement in the United States sent shockwaves through American society. Nearly every aspect of traditional life was challenged and among these was the role of women. Following in the footsteps of suffragettes during the turn of the twentieth century, a new wave of feminism was emerging in the United States that aspired to take the women's right movement beyond the realm of constitutional rights. This movement, now known as second-wave feminism, sought to bring what they viewed as true gender equality by focusing on a number of issues that negatively affected women. The second-wave accomplished much, but there is a historical consensus that it came to an end during the eighties, giving way to a third-wave of feminism in the early nineties.
Unlike the first two waves of feminism, the main goals of the third-wave are still subject to debate. It is generally believed to have formed with the birth of the Riot-grrrl punk rock movement in the Pacific Northwest. The all-female Riot-grrrl bands focused on female empowerment through their message and their music. Carrie Brownstein was a founding member of Sleater-Kinney, one of the defining bands of the Riot-grrrl movement. Her career as a musician, writer and actress over two decades can be seen as a reflection of third-wave feminism in the sense that both are hard to define in concrete terms.
Sleater-Kinney was unlike most of the iconic Riot-grrrl bands to have emerged during this "take back the music" era. Mostly due to timing as their presence was not felt until the end of the Riot-grrrl movement. The band had a deeper focus on the creationism of sound, not just the subcutaneous lyrics other bands channeled their aggression through. It wasn't until the d...
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... The Movie. Dir. Arne Johnson, Shane King. Perf. Carrie Brownstein, Beth Ditto. Ro*co Films. 2008. DVD.
Gloudeman, Nikki. "15 Minutes with Carrie Brownstein." Mother Jones 22 Mar. 2010. Electronic.
Gross, Terry. "Brownstein And Armisen's Comedic Take On Portland." NPR. Natl. Public Radio, 5 Jan. 2012. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Leonard, Marion. Gender in the Music Industry: Rock, Discourse and Girl Power. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Company, Aug. 2007.
Riordan, Ellen. "Commodified Agents and Empowered Girls: Consuming and Producing Feminism." Journal of Communication Inquiry 25.3 (2001).
Staff, NPR. "Wild Flag: Making Chaos Useful." NPR. Natl. Public Radio, 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Talbot, Margaret. "Stumptown Girl." The New Yorker. The New Yorker, 2 Jan. 2012. Web.
Weil, Elizabeth. "Carrie Brownstein Starter Kit." The 6th Floor, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
McCann, C., & Kim, S. (2013). Feminist theory reader, (3d ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
During the 1960’s there was a lot of major events that happened in the United States. The 1960’s was known as a decade of “culture and change”, there were lots of political and cultural changes. (Anastakis, 22) One particular movement that was important to society and the country was the Women’s Movement also called the “Feminism Movement”. The first women movement which happened a few decades before focused on gender equality and overcoming different legal problems. The 1960’s women’s movement focused more on different issues such as family, sexuality, workplace issues, and also rights of reproductively. (MacLean, 45) I chose to cover this topic because women have always been influential throughout history, and I being a woman it is important to know about our rights and who paved the way for us.
In the 1960’s, the civil rights movement was the act inspiring the second wave of feminism. The passing of the civil rights act protected women
Feminism is a word that is stock-full of implications, and has many misconceptions. Full Frontal Feminism by Jessica Valenti attempts to give a broad overview of what feminism is, and how you should feel about it (hint: it’s positively). The book is directed primarily towards the younger generation, and talks about a variety of issues relevant to the feminist movement today and in history. The weaknesses of the book include the casual writing, the assumptions Valenti makes, and the contradictory statements that are consistently made. The strengths include providing an entertaining, broad overview of feminism, and discussing ways to contribute to gender equality. Overall, the book is more likely to be a positive experience for high-schoolers that identify as women then college-aged individuals looking for a critical analysis of issues society faces in regards to gender inequality.
The goal of the first wave was to open up more opportunities women including being able to vote. The second wave of feminism occurred from the 1960s to the 1980s. This wave predominantly revolved around the wage gap, sexuality, and reproductive rights. The passing of the Equal Rights Amendment which was an amendment proposed to the United States Constitution guaranteeing social equality for both genders was a priority of the movement. The third wave of feminism began in the 90s and is still ongoing. This waves main focus is on patriarchy. Unlike the previous two waves, politics is not the main focus although it is a huge factor, third wave feminism is about breaking gender boundaries and old conceptions of what men and women should be. This wave is also all inclusive as I have mentioned before which is the biggest difference between the second and third wave. The third wave of feminism has redefined what the movement is, it used to be about politics and women only, feminism is now much
Clark, Charles S. "Feminism's Future." CQ Researcher 28 Feb. 1997: 169-92. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
Between 1940 and 2000, the second wave of the social feminism movement shook the world. Australia and France were both leaders in initiating a radical change in the way the world saw feminism and women. Both countries had siginificant individuals who helped to raise the issues of feminism to a world level through their ideologies. Feminism is a social issue, and many individuals and groups of the second wave, sought to consolidate cultural and social ideologies before branching out to politics and law.
Throughout history, music has been the artistic stage of philosphoical output of both ideas, emotions and stories, enducing emotional and cogitational responses from the audience, through it’s representation of ideas and through ‘words in music’. Victor Hugo says- “Music expresses…. that which cannot remain silent” (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885), and is a predominant feature in the early 1990s ‘Riot Grrrl’ movement, in which female-empowerment bands would address modern issues of sexual abuse, racism, and the patriarchy through their underground, punk rock music.
‘From Riot Grrrl to Pussy Riot: to what extent has the underground protest movements ‘Riot Grrrl’ shaped the feminist punk we hear across Europe and America today?’
Throughout the early 1960s (second wave of feminism) women has impacted society in ways you can’t imagine. The Equal Rights Amendment was used to make a change for the lives of women and was designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of sex. Major societal changes in the second wave finally gave women the opportunity to do what's right but at the same same time when were perceived as second class citizens. Due to these situations the reason why the Equal Rights Amendment was because of the men were against the ERA due to the fact that they were against change in society, women libbers behavior, and most importantly propaganda.
The origins of Third Wave feminism are highly debated, as there is no clear commonality that this wave uses to differentiate between the First and Second waves that occurred prior. Emerging during the 1990’s, Third Wave feminism sought to build upon the achievements and ideas that were accomplished during First and Second wave’s, by increasing the significance and accessibility of its ideas to a greater spectrum of people.
... setting up the basis for the second movement. After women began talking about the family economy during the first wave, the women were able to shift their focus to their personal careers and salaries during the second wave. Additionally, the first wave gave women the right to vote, but the second wave gave women more political power. Women distinguished themselves through their sexuality in the first wave, while the second wave helped women distinguish themselves through their strength. The achievements of the second feminist movement clearly had their roots in the first movement. Feminism is now entering its third wave. Regardless of whether the new feminists use an indirect approach, like the 1920s movement, or a direct approach, like the 1970s movement, American women will continue fighting for gender equality until the words “man” and “woman” both mean “human.”
Locke, Jillian L. "Feminism (Second-Wave)." Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History. Ed. Thomas S. Langston. Vol. 6: Postwar Consensus to Social Unrest, 1946 to 1975. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2010. 170-174. Gale Virtual Library
“The conduct and manners of women, in fact, evidently prove that their minds are not in a healthy state; for, like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves, after having pleased a fastidious eye, fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity” (Wollstonecraft 7). This is a view in which several feminists abide with and can relate to; the idea that women have the wrong intentions and goals for their lives, that they are treated like children and are predestined to act like children, instead of adults. Although the Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft was written in 1972, this perception of woman still exists all around the world and is a major topic of debate among feminists. Several aspects of life in modern western society degrade and belittle woman, and although equality is the law in countries such as Canada and the United States of America, TV shows, movies and music tell different. Lana Del Rey is a popular female artist in North America and Europe, she recently released a new album called Born to Die. This album is very controversial among Radical feminists because many aspects of it, such as the lyrics contribute to the belittlement of women.
The first wave was in the year of 1789 which was organised to promote women’s rights by the first group of which included a wide range of women directly after the French revolution. The revolution had been fought in the 1970s on the basis of equality and freedom for women; as a result of this many women had then formed clubs mainly in Paris and also in major cities. The main principal for these clubs was to form a meeting place for women; as a result of these meetings it caused the development of political programmes regarding many issues such as rights in education. (Quidlen, 2001) First Wave Feminist activism grew out of abolitionism, thus leading to the rise of a suffragist movement in which was to ensure that slavery was put to an end if they received the right to vote. (Giddens,