Neurofeedback is defined as a speciality field within biofeedback, which is dedicated to training people to gain control over the electro-physiological processes in the human brain (Demos, 2005). It is a non invasive technique that uses an electroencephalograph (EEG) to measure electrical brain signals in terms of their frequency and amplitude, during a task an individual performs. Once the EEG has been recorded the raw traces are then separated into individual frequency components (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sensorimotor Rhythm and Beta), and information relating to them is fed back to the individual, in real time, in a form that he/she can consciously see the changes in the electrical state of their brain. This process is called a neurofeedback loop as the individual taking part in neurofeedback-training can see how the task they are completing is changing their brain wave patterns. Participants are trained to either increase or decrease the speed or size of brain waves in specific parts of the brain, and the changes are shown through audio, visual or audio and visual feedback. According to Lake and Moss (2003) the public are seeking out neurofeedback-training more and more as; it gives the individual a more active role in their healthcare, it is non invasive, and it involves an importance on the body and mind. A vast amount of research has been conducted in the area of neurofeedback to determine exactly how it can enhance performance in aspects of everyday human activity. For example studies looking to improve the performance of athletes have found that neurofeedback can improve balance (Pop-Jordana & Demerdziera, 2010), aiming (Kerick et al., 2001) and concentration (Salazar et al., 1990). It is also used to enhance artistic perfo... ... middle of paper ... ... Gruzelier , J. H. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 47(1), 75-85. Vernon, D., Frick, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2004). Neurofeedback as treatment for ADHD: A methodological review with implications for future research. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 53-82. Watson, P. & Valentine, E. (1987). The practice of complementary medicine and anxiety levels in a population of musicians. Journal of International Society for the Study of Tension in Performance, 1(4), 25-30. Williamon, A. (2004). Musical excellence: Strategies and techniques to enhance performance. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Williamon, A., & Valentine, E. R. (2004). Alexander technique and music performance: Evidence for improved ‘use’. Proceedings of the 5th triennial ESCOM conference, 145-147.
The football field may be considered a space for football, but it is also a performance area for the marching music performer. The performer who uses the same space as football players is a member of a drum corps. Marching musical performers experience the same nervous anxiety ticks as other athletes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of anxiety has on performers of drum corps.
Zorn, J (1989, Nov.). The changing role of instrumental music. Music Educators Journal. 76(3), 21-24.
Firstly Biofeedback is a technique on how to control your muscles that are not normally controlled for example blood pressure or your heart rate. This is meant to reduce ANS activity therefore reducing the symptoms related to stress such as illness. An individual participating in Biofeedback would be attached to a machine that produces feedback about some physiological activity. For example auditory or visual signals would be produced to indicate changes in the patients heart rate. It is possible even to control your own brain waves using biofeedback. The individual is also trained in how to reduce levels of stress that have been discovered. The biofeedback involves three stages 1: Developing an awareness of the particular response, 2: Learning ways to control the physiological response in quiet conditions and 3: transferring the control into everyday life.
A methodological paradigm employed would be a combination of that outlined in (5) and (6). The use of video varying in, rated, emotional intensity would be used as the stimulus in a similar fashion as (6), the methodology would then follow that outlined in (5) [with video stimuli inserted in place of pictures]. EEG recordings would be taken while participants viewed the stimuli and, subsequently, analyzed appropriately.
Active music – Active music is the conception of live music by the patient, including instrument playing and music lessons. By doing this, the patient’s self-esteem i...
Hamlin, H. "Life or Death by EEG." Journal of the Amedos. Medical A's',, 1W12/84, p. 20.
(2002). 1. Psychodynamic Movement : A Basic training Methodology for Music Therapists. / Pedersen, Inge Nygaard. Analytical Music Therapy. red. / Eschen, Johannes Th. (ed.). London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2002.
With today’s world more inclined towards war than peace, many people encounter injuries and damages. Thousands of soldiers, in US military, develop deficits to their long-term memory owing to head trauma, brain injury or memory loss, even if they don’t bear any kind of physical damage. This is not only limited to US military but military all over the world. This can even extend to a common man who might have come across a similar problem of brain injury. In response to this, the US military is funding research that is strategically designed to improve memory by brain stimulation via implanted electrodes. It is believed that this can also help people who have suffered strokes or those who have lost their capability to recall due to ageing. The
...ransports them to all tissues of the body. Adrenaline excites the heart to increases muscle strength, like the reaction that comes from anxiety. Noradrenaline constricts blood vessels and helps transmit nerve signals. These chemicals are vital to many autonomic activities. Although the autonomic nervous system acts automatically, it is possible to have control of some autonomic functions. Biofeedback is teaching a person to control body functions like reducing heart rate. The benefits are that it can be used to relieve headache by moving blood away from the head to lessen pressure or by lowering high blood pressure. The fact that the body’s automatic functions can be affected by the mind greatly contributes to the understanding of the autonomic nervous system. In conclusion, the nervous system is an important part of science because understanding it can help save lives. Millions were saved from heart attacks, strokes, etc. from treating the nervous system. Understanding about the nervous system is also necessary for psychologists, physicians, and neurologists. Future experiments of the nervous system can benefit the human race by producing cures for presently incurable diseases.
Scott, Elizabeth, M.S. “Music and Your Body: How Music Affects Us and Why Music Therapy
Monastra, V., Monastra, D., George, S. (2002). Effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 27(4) pp. 231-249
B., Gfeller, K. E., & Thaut, M. H. (2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and
The purpose of this research was to describe and understand Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most effective treatment options that are available today. ADHD is a mental health disorder that affects 3-9% of the population in ways that, if left untreated, can wreak havoc on the mind of the sufferer. It makes concentration difficult, large tasks seem insurmountable, and causes impulsive and hyperactive tendencies. Fortunately, research and experiments have led to new and effective treatments to help those who suffer from this disorder (Dupaul 8). This research examined journal articles and internet sources on the topic to help unlock the complexities of the disorder through scientific research. It also was a way to separate the myths of the disorder from the truths, while discovering the causes, diagnosis methods, and best treatment alternatives to battle this prevalent disorder.
R.M. Lehman & G.L. McCormack, 2001. Neurogenic and Myopathic Dysfunction pp. 802-803. In L. Pedretti and M Early Occupational Therapy Skills for Physical Dysfunction 5th ED St Louis MO: Mosby
Public Library of Science (2013, March 13). “Video game 'exercise' for an hour a day may enhance certain cognitive skills.”