1. Introduction
1.1 Company background
Sevenagala sugar factory is one of the sugar factories managed by the Lanka sugar company (Pvt) Ltd. Sevenagala sugar factory located at a rustic village called Sevanagala in the Uva province. Sugar cane cultivation in Sevenagala has been carried out since 1985. Apart from the nucleus estates managed by the Sevanagala factory, sugar cane has been cultivated by farmers under both irrigated and rain fed conditions, with the help of inputs and other services provided by the factory.
There are about 3000 farmers who belong to this factory. The total sugar cane land in Sevanagala is nearly 4215 Ha. The settler farmers are bound to cultivate only cane in these lands and cane to be supplied only to Sevanagala sugar factory. According to the locations of the farmers this land is divided into 7 divisions. In addition to that, there are farmers who cultivate sugar cane outside the factory lands. These farmers are identified as out grower farmers. Sugar factory provides farm inputs to the farmers and provide farm machineries to prepare farm lands of farmers. These expenses will be recovered when farmer supply sugar cane harvest to the factory after 10 – 12 months.
In the year 2002 the government decided to sell Sevanagala sugar industries limited to private party. After privatization, the farmers used to convert for other crops, and the farmers those who continued with cane cultivation practiced to sell their crop to private small scaled mills operated in region.
According to the Sevanagala Sugar Industry Annual Report (2012) the major reasons for farmers to
• Law price paid for sugar cane
• Poor relationship among the management and farmers
• Higher interest rate charged for loans and servicers gr...
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The intriguing concept of supply and demand in the Louisiana sugar cane industry would be described as resilience. Louisiana’s sugar industry dates back to the turn of the 18th century. How can such a bountiful crop have such a stagnant return? One example of resilience is the sugar factory M.A. Patout and sons. This is the oldest and largest sugar factory in Louisiana that is still family owned and operated. The factory was originally founded in 1825 as a wine vineyard, being later converted to a sugar plantation due to south Louisiana’s subtropical climate. It has seen the rise and fall of sugar prices that have plagued area mills and farmers, forcing many out of business.
The Economy is really bad in parts of India, people are usually not using technology, the way they cook is unsanitary, and houses are not modern. Indian farmers used to use seeds that required only cow poop for fertilizer. The Jai BT seeds that Monsanto created requires two different fertilizers, Jai BT seeds are more expensive than the old seeds, so farmers have to pay extra for the fertilizer and seeds. The Jai BT seeds did not germinate in the soil and rotted, causing the farmer much stress. The farmers pay a high amount of money for the land. If their farm does not grow, the farmer doesn't get any money and will eventuall...
One of the largest issues facing the Global South today is food security. In many cases food security is closely associated with agriculture in a specific area. Due to several issues faced by post war agriculture in Sierra Leone a food security issue has arisen leading to income/consumption poverty. One of the issues facing in Sierra Leone is the number of citizens choosing to work in the mining industry as opposed to working in agriculture. Another issue faced by the agriculture industry in Sierra Leone is the displacement of many farm families due to the civil war and the affect it has on food production. The agriculture industry in Sierra Leone also faces this issue of rice importation into the country which lowers the income of farmers. These issues faced by the agriculture sector in Sierra Leone have lead to problems with food security and poverty.
Despite the federal aid granted to sugar growers, not all sectors of agriculture devoted to growing sugar derivatives flourished. Domestic production of sugar cane increased steadily from 1982 onward, while sugar beet production stagnated (Knutson, 1985). Through time, the largest number of sugar beet farmers were concentrated in a specific West/Midwest region of the U.S. (Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho) while sugar cane farmers were found in the Southeast, specifically Louisiana and Florida.
Top portion of sugarcane of age varying from 4-10 months is used as initial explants however sugarcane of more than 6 months was not preferred. The sugarcane (Co86032) explants were collected from experimental fields of MB & GE department at VSI, Pune. The parameters used for selection of the explants were apparently healthy condition and vigorous growth.
The high cost, however, wasn’t a problem for wealthy plantation owners, who had money to spare. The existence of this surplus capital played a huge role in driving the sugar trade. For example, Document 6a states that for a single plantation, windmills, housing, distilling and boiling facilities, as well as several animals were needed. These things cost over £100,000 total, but the people investing in the sugar trade were already wealthy and thus could afford the initial expenses. Since the landowners were so rich, it was possible for them to appoint overseers and send them to the actual plantation, and stay home in Europe while still seeing profit. Also, since most of the farms were individually owned (Document 7a), whatever money was made from the plantation would go to the person himself, without having to give much to other investors. It’s also worth mentioning that while the other goods might have been costly, the land was quite cheap (Document 6a). Most plantations were located in the Caribbean, where the climate was ideal for sugar production (Document 2). Surplus capital helped to drive the sugar trade because it allowed for wealthy landowners to set up large farms in a perfect environment quite easily, without many risks or adjustments. Since all they needed to do was use some of their money to start a plantation, and gradually expand it as they gained profit, excess capital was a root for
From India then it expanded to the mediterranean which the more powerful countries to revive the product were Spain and Portugal.In the fourtteenth century the Portuguese led the biggest sugar cane plantations in the world.Another oh try that helped the sugar trade expand a France due to its plantations in the caribbean.Then in 1493 Christopher Columbus took it across the atlantic. Slaves played a very big role in sugarcane production because when sugar cane was cut it had to be harvested and processed in less than a day or the crop will spoil slaves had to work in hot and humid conditions with little or no breaks in the article it said that there was a machete near mills so if the slave's hand will get caught he will cut it off so the entire arm would not go into the
Nierenberg, Danielle. "Factory farming in the developing world: In some critical respects, this is not progress at all." World Watch 1 May 2003: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. .
Sugar is one of the most consumed commodities in the world today, and the profits of it are significant. According to Larry Schwartz (2014) “Americans consume 130 pounds of sugar every year” (Schwartz, 2014). We must be acknowledged about how it all started, to appreciate how people lived and how they struggled to provide such a commodity. Sugar was a profitable commodity in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The cultivation of sugarcane expanded to the United States of America, which brought enslaves from Africa to work on the plantation of sugar during the 17th century. Sugar was known as the white gold for its income, which helped the U.S. to achieve independence from Great Britain. Although sugar has the worst history, it is widely used for nutritional, medical and industrial productions, and sugar manufacturing led to an industrial development and economic growth.
Sugarcane is an important industrial crop for the tropical and subtropical region of the world. It is produced in more than 100 countries, with global production of 174 million tonnes sugar. It accounts for about 80 percent and sugarbeet for about 20 percent of total sugar produced (FAOSTAT, 2008). In 2010, 1,682 million metric tonnes (MT) of sugarcane were produced worldwide in a total area of 23.8 million hectares (ha). Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer, contributing with 40% of the world production (719 MT) followed by India (278 MT), China (111 MT), Thailand (68 MT), Pakistan (50 MT), Colombia (38.5 MT), Australia (31 MT), Argentina (30 MT), United States (27.5 MT), Indonesia (26.5 MT) and the Philippines (23 MT) (FAOSTAT, 2011). India rank second among the sugarcane growing countries of the world in both area and production. Globally it is cultivated over an area of 20.1 million hectare, with annual production of 1381.1 million tonnes and productivity of 65.5 tonnes per ha. In India sugarcane is cultivated over an area of 4.36 million ha, with an annual production of 281.8 million tonnes and productivity 64.6 tonnes per ha. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh are the important sugarcane
Perfect competition is likely to exist in the supply of sugar cane stalks to mills. There are a large number of farmers (the seller) and buyers. Information about competitors’ prices are easily accessible and the sugar cane stalks supplied are perfect substitutes.
Sugar industry in India is a well-developed industry and one of the largest after textiles. It
...r losses to its parent; and there are some special arrangements in the sugar industry.
Our country has favorable conditions for the development of industrial crops and fruit trees: The climate is humid tropical monsoon with high heat, high humidity. There are many types of soil suitable industrial crops: feralit land in the mountains, alluvial soils of the plains. The labor abundant experience. Processing industry is growing; large market demand. Policies to encourage the development of the state. The development of industrial crops and fruit trees brought many great significance: Supply of raw materials for the processing industry, providing exports. To contribute to job creation, redistribution of labor on a national scale. Promote economic and social development in disadvantaged areas. Speaking of the achievements of agriculture, we will talk to the achievement of food production in our country recently: Rice planted area increased: 5.6 million hectares (1980) to 7.3 million hectares (2005). The crop structure has changed. Productivity increased at 4.9 tonnes / ha / year. Food production in paddy increased: 14.4 million tonnes (1980) to 39.5 million tons, including 36 million tons of rice (2005). Average food at over 470 kg / person / year. Vietnam is one of the leading rice exporter in the world. Acreage and crop production also increased rapidly. The Mekong Delta is the largest food producing countries, accounting