Describe how the system of the case study could support each of the decision-making phases of intelligence, design, and choice for the decision-makers. Explain the phase. Explain how the KBS supports or could support the phase for this case. Simon’s decision making process consists of 3 phases which are Intelligence, Design and Choice. These phases can be used to simplify the assumptions, validate the models which are being used in the project and to verify, test the proposed solution. These phases are then followed by the Implementation phase after which the success or failure of the proposed system can be judged. Intelligence phase consists of organizing the objectives, collection of data, Identifying and formulating the problem, problem ownership which helps to achieve a decision statement. The case study of Idaho Transportation Department follows the tax rule of charging high on the weight-distance tax and low for the registration fee for motor vehicles travelling on the highway. It has received repeated request for changing truck tax system. To process these repeated requests a few questions must be answered like how much revenue will be lost or gained? Taxes classification based on truck size? Behavioral and economic impact on taxes system? These issues must be answered so that the request can be processed further. The next phase is the Design phase where we can classify the decisions, set a criteria, formulate a model, predict and measure the outcomes. We can breakdown all the broad categories into several options which can be related to that problem statement to give an appropriate decision. For this case study we can classify the above questions with Motor Carrier Taxation KBS(MCTKBS) as it comprises of over 200... ... middle of paper ... ...s for which the convenience registrations where done by paying an amount of 180$ per truck were either driven less miles or no miles in Idaho. The officials of the Idaho department suspected that some of these convenience registrations will be eliminated if the registration fee of the motor carriers are increased significantly. Assessment of tax effect should also be done if all the trucks travelling a lesser number of miles were assumed not to register. The decision of the implementation of the proposal is taken by considering all these factors so that the impact of these changes will not have an effect on the tax revenues and the state’s economic system. BPM is a continuous process which happens in a closed loop structure which is useful to optimize the business performance or improve the quality of work based on the integrated data which is stored as a dashboard
In order to address the above components, five decision making steps have to be put in place, these are; being attentive, being intelligent, being reasonable, being responsible, and being reflective. The first step, being attentive, involves evaluating the whole situation and coming up with the data and information about the problem at hand. In so doing the following questions are viewed; what facts to bear in mind, what direction to take so as to get the expected solution, and what is the main issue to work on. In the second step, being intelligent, the information is clearly studied to determine whether the collected data is revealing the correct details concerning the problem. Determine the stakeholde...
Due to the unique nature of the intelligence field, error of judgments can (and has) had catastrophic consequences. These errors are a result of complex decision making processes involved in the generation of intelligence products, affected by not only training and expertise, but by cognitive factors, particularly bias. The aim of this paper is to identify two different models of decision making (bounded rationality and intuitive decision making), the biases found in both models that affect the final intelligence product, and how these biases can be mitigated in order to avoid intelligence failures or minimise their impact.
Our firm mostly caters to Value Seekers and Families, who are particularly interested in vehicles such as economy and/or truck. Based on this argument we can assert that the higher the cost of operating a vehicle, the more likely people will seek alternative transportation options. While it has already been assumed that the price of gas will stay constant for the first few years in the StratSim world, other attributes that may be of particularly interested to our buyers are safety
A transportation network must be judged for its cost-effectiveness. The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) in 1952 made its tenet, "that a profit should be returned on an investment applies as well to highway projects as to general business ventures."2 Cost-effectiveness includes safety, ease of use, and flexibility in the eyes of both the local government and individual users. Unfortunately, "little or no supporting evidence"3 exists and few studies compared the systems. Since no monetary value can be placed on human life, comparisons of safety are even fewer and less thorough. A simple account of accident records, however, is a good judge of safety. Studies of system costs, ont the other hand, are purely monetary and more frequent. From the operator's standpoint, costs break down to overhead and construction, maintenance of cars and lines, operation costs, and profits. From the users' standpoint the only cost is the fare.
Key Words; Artificial Intelligence, Multiple Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, Vocational Guidance, Decision Making
Make the decision through the integration of ideas and data, and negotiation and prioritization of ideas
First step in decision making process is identifying the problems. As McShane and Von Glinow (2000) stated, a problem can be defined as abnormality in present and preferred situation that happen in an organization. The actual process of decision making starts from problem identification. Questions should be asked in order to find a best solution (Prasad, 2008). If there is an inconsistency between the objectives and real situation, there will a need for action. Reliable information is very crucial in this step whereas wrong information will lead to unnecessary decisions in an organization as stated by Griffin and Moorhead (2010). For an example, the organization members should consider doing a need analysis to identify the difference between desired and actual achievements according to their current situation. When a manager diagnose and analyze the problems carefully, a problem can be identified obviously. When individual or the organization make a decision, there is important to take note more irretrievable the solution once appliance; they more concern about the real decision. In addition, the company more do analytical t...
The nature of inter-modal and intra-modal competition in the motor carrier industry has transformed over a period of last five decades. The motor carrier industry is composed of truckload (TL) and less than truckload (LTL) motor carriers. There has been an increment in the concentration among LTL carriers (ton miles as concentration measure) but decrease in number of firms. This means intra-modal competition in LTL motor carrier segment has increased. The 1980 Motor Carrier Act enhanced the competition in the LTL industry. The deregulation of motor carrier industry increased the rate competition between intra-modal motor carriers. Intra-modal competition in both TL and LTL industry segments has ...
Business Process Management is defined as the achievement of an organization’s objectives through the improvement, management and control of essential business processes. (5)
Nazim, U. (1983). An Analytical Decision Model for Resource Allocation in Highway Maintenance Management. Transportation Research Part A, 17(2), 133-138.
According to Chang, (2016), Business Process Management (BPM) is a systematic approach of attaining organization’s goals by improving its management in addition to controlling the essential business processes. Moreover, a business process is defined as a set of activities that aid in accomplishing definite organizational goals. One of the aims of BPM is to trim down human fault and miscommunication as it can be seen in Mike’s Dynatrix Pty Ltd business. It is due to poor infrastructure management, which is significant for maintaining and optimizing an organization’s equipment along with core operations. It is important to note that business process management entails analysis, modeling, design and measurement of an organization’s workflow and are technology enabled. This implies that it is always the point of connection within an organization between the line-of-business and the information technology department.
I concluded that charges should be closely related to the amount of the use made of roads. It should be possible to change prices to some extend for different roads or areas at different times of the day, month, and year as well as for different classes of vehicles should be stable and gladly ascertainable by road users before they get on with a journey. Finally, the method should be simple for road users to understand whereby payments should be possible and individual road users should take it fair.
“Decision making is a process of first diverging to explore the possibilities and then converging on a solution(s). The Latin root of the word decision means "to cut off from all alternatives". This is what you should do when you decide.” (Kotelnikov, 2008). In fact, the decision making process helps reduce doubt and uncertainty about alternative choices to allow individual to choose the best reasonable choice. In addition, the decision making process can make the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful organization. Consequently, management tries to use the best techniques and tools possible to make the best decision. Nowadays, most organizations seem to think that they have the most effective and efficient decision making process. So what are the different styles of decision making processes have organizations implemented? In order to answer this question, the team members will investigate and observe the decision-making processes most prevalent in their organization. As a result, these papers will first compare and contrast the problem identification and formulation styles in the team members’ organizations. Then the most favorable aspects of each style will be discussed to describe a process by which a problem can be identified and described to stakeholders in a manner that is sensitive to their perspective.
When a manager makes a decision related to a problem, it is considered as the organization's response to a problem. Hence a decision should be thought of as a means rather than an end. Every decision is considered as the outcome of a dynamic process which is influenced by multiple factors. In an attempt to study various stages in this dynamic process of decision-making, Herbert Simon, an expert on decision making has proposed three phases of decision-making which include intelligence phase, design phase, and choice phase [5]. Further, Rubenstein and Haberstroh [6] have refined the decision-making process by proposing five phases which include : recognition of problem or need for a decision, analysis and statement of alternatives, choice among
Automobile travel requires a network of road connections. Jamaica’s network ways incur costs that facilitate public expenditures to shape and sustain transport facilities. Thus, the use of the main ways such as Highways develops a cost recovery method. This refers to the portion of network ways budgets that are borne by operators through distinctive user fees and taxes, such as road tolls, special gas/fuel taxes, and vehicle registration