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The perspective of history
Colonialism and imperialism in india
Colonialism and imperialism in india
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The study of British colonialism is a rather new field with much to discuss and a lot more to debate. The recent recognition of new nation-states that were once under the control of Britain was a growing phenomenon and one that continues to play a large role in today’s global politics. Since the rather recent period of these new nations, new study’s have been done into the history of a) the peoples that inhabited the land before Britain, b) the way Britain occupied and control and land, and now c) post-Britain. This is a growing topic in the historical field because seventy-five years ago there was no thought that Britain would relieve control of India or Nigeria. That is why post-British colonialism is important to today, because it is a new topic to discuss and argue. And along with this trend, comes the new age view on reading and interpreting history. Postmodernism is very new outlook on history and one that grows with every generation. It is that study of more than just events or great people; it is the study of the common people through their social, economic and political advantages. It’s the study of the common man through his diary, emails, letters, newspaper columns etc...British colonialism has only seen this method because of the majority of people who use it. Both topics are new which is why in the following historiographical essay, they come intertwined.
With the departure of a British run world, new fields of study began to open up, for instance, the study of India as a country instead of a “Crown Jewel.” This opened up a lot more areas of study within History as a field. One interesting topic that opened up was the study of the Anglo-Zulu war of 1879. A victory for the British, this war did not come without a p...
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The study of the Anglo-Zulu war has come a long way since 1879. Although everything would have been clear in that time, historians have brought forth their own expertise and opinion as to why and how the war played out as it did. The historiography started out as pro-British literature but has evolved into looking at both sides of a conflict and analyzing every variable. These variables have been turned into books and journal articles but this is only recent and with the help of E.H. Carr. The Anglo-Zulu war has been written in a Carr voice and has focused on how and why the war occurred as it did, and not just the final outcome. The arguments and debates of the war still rage on, and in 2010 Ian Knight sets to release another book titled Zulu Rising: The Battle of Isandlwana 1879 which may start a new era into this history of the Anglo-Zulu War.
Atkinson's passion is evident on every page. By the of the book, even the most diehard believer that North Africa was just a sideshow will see the logic in Atkinson's argument of the importance of the North African campaign as a critical first-step on the way to ending World War II.
Post-colonialism is a discourse draped in history. In one point in time or another, European colonialism dominated most non-European lands since the end of the Renaissance. Naturally, colonialists depicted the cultures of non-Europeans incorrectly and inferior. Traditionally, the canon has misappropriated and misrepresented these cultures, but also the Western academia has yet to teach us the valuable and basic lessons that allow true representations to develop. Partly in response, Post-colonialism arose. Though this term is a broad one, Post-colonialists generally agree on certain key principles. They understand that colonialism exploits the dominated people or country in one way or another, evoking inequalities. Examples of past inequalities include “genocide, economic exploitation, cultural decimation and political exclusion…” (Loomba 9-10). They abhor traditional colonialism but also believe that every people, through the context of their own cultures, have something to contribute to our understanding of human nature (Loomba 1-20). This is the theme that Lewis prescribes in his, self described, “satirical fantasy”, Out of the Silent Planet (Of Other 77).
British Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance, Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effect on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so.
Celia Sandys, the author of the book “Churchill: Wanted Dead or Alive,” is the granddaughter of Winston Churchill. This book gives both the tedious details of Winston Churchill’s involvement in the Anglo-Boer War and clear insights into this man’s character and resolve. In 1899, England, a colonial power, was interested in maintaining its dominating status in South Africa and was met in opposition by the local Dutch Boers. Churchill arrived in South Africa as a war correspondent, only there officially to observe the events, publish articles, and not participate in combat. He had been a soldier previously with Britain, and he had a passion to be close to the action—a feeling that would be fulfilled fairly early in South Africa and later when he became an officer. Churchill states, “War service was the swift road to promotion and advancement. It was the glittering gateway to distinction” (Sandys 1). The details of the war in the book provide views of Churchill’s personality and show positive trait...
In reading this chapter I came to acknowledge a lot facts that I didn’t realize about the British Zulu war. The battle at Rorke’s drift, and the battle at Isandhlwana are the chapter main focus in book Carnage and Culture. It gave multitudes of information that went well in detail about the battles. After reading the chapter, and researching the information on the war, and comparing the information presented by Victor Davis Hanson I found the information insightful and correct. He backs up his statements with facts and explains how western military forces were so dominate because of tactics, discipline and technology.
The Origins of the Second World War, by A.J.P. Taylor, proposes and investigates unconventional and widely unaccepted theories as to the underlying causes of World War Two. Taylor is British historian who specialized in 20th century diplomacy, and in his book claims that as a historian his job is to “state the truth” (pg. xi) as he sees it, even if it means disagreeing with existing prejudices. The book was published in 1961, a relatively short time after the war, and as a result of his extreme unbias the work became subject to controversy for many years.
Throughout the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, almost every country in Africa was imperialized by other countries in Europe. To imperialize is to conquer another country, whether it be in the means of politics, economics and/or culture, and control that land. The aftermath for the imperialized country was either beneficial or harmful. The amount of African countries that a European country imperialized varied. Great Britain imperialized fifteen countries in Africa, including Egypt in 1882, Sierra Leone in 1808, and the Union of South Africa in 1910. Although Great Britain’s reasons to imperialize were selfish, Britain helped each country progress afterwards.
References Vince Crawley (January 2010) Isandlwana – Historic Zulu Victory in 1879 http://vincecrawley.wordpress.com/2010/01/21/isandlwana-historic-zulu-victory-in-1879/ Dr. Saul David (February 2011). Zulu: The True Story. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/zulu_01.shtml#eight
History has been told in various forms for decades. In the past, history was more commonly expressed through word of mouth, but more recently in the past century, through written text. While textbooks and articles give formal information with little to no bias, novels give a completely new perspective on the people who experienced it themselves. The Novels, God’s Bits of Wood, written by Sembene Ousmane, and No Longer at Ease, by Chinua Achebe, give a more personal account of the effects of colonization. These two novels tackle the British and French method of colonization.
"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British "How can you do these things? They're against your own basic values.". We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt." -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989)
Davidson, Basil. Modern Africa A Social and Political History. Ney York: Longman Group UK Limited, 1983.
The British invasion formed into a historical development of British colonialism in India. Despite India under the British rule, Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in gaining Independence. He not only changed India but also strongly fought for India's independence, using various strategies. The British Empire ruled as long as they could to reform India both politically and socially.
Having done the above analysis on my favourite text, “Anowa” by Ama Ataa Aidoo, I realise that my like for the text have heightened because the analysis of Anowa has given me a deeper understanding of Africa’s colonialism. I now know what actually led to our colonialisation (the betrayal) and how it began(the bond of 1844) through the personal lives of Anowa and Kofi.
Every human being, in addition to having their own personal identity, has a sense of who they are in relation to the larger community--the nation. Postcolonial studies is the attempt to strip away conventional perspective and examine what that national identity might be for a postcolonial subject. To read literature from the perspective of postcolonial studies is to seek out--to listen for, that indigenous, representative voice which can inform the world of the essence of existence as a colonial subject, or as a postcolonial citizen. Postcolonial authors use their literature and poetry to solidify, through criticism and celebration, an emerging national identity, which they have taken on the responsibility of representing. Surely, the reevaluation of national identity is an eventual and essential result of a country gaining independence from a colonial power, or a country emerging from a fledgling settler colony. However, to claim to be representative of that entire identity is a huge undertaking for an author trying to convey a postcolonial message. Each nation, province, island, state, neighborhood and individual is its own unique amalgamation of history, culture, language and tradition. Only by understanding and embracing the idea of cultural hybridity when attempting to explore the concept of national identity can any one individual, or nation, truly hope to understand or communicate the lasting effects of the colonial process.
Old South Africa is best described by Mark Uhlig, “The seeds of such violent conflict in South Africa were sown more than 300 years ago, with the first meetings of white settlers and indigenous black tribes in an unequal relationship that was destined one day to become unsustainable” (116).