The epidemiology study in Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland reported the incidence of fracture in 2000 which was 5,953 fractures in a population of 534,715 (11.3 in 1,000). (1) In general, the bone has a physiologic repairing process which consists of three basic steps; inflammation, proliferation and remodeling and the fracture can be healed spontaneously. (2) Failure of physiological regeneration of these steps which might cause the fracture nonunion. (3)This pathologic condition is one of the important complications after treatment fracture which occurs about 5-10% (Littenberg et al., 1998, Tzioupis and Giannoudis, 2007). It leads increase cost for further treatments and morbidity of the patients. (5) Moreover, the standard treatment, surgeon has to harvest the bone graft from the iliac crest and the patient also have a major second operation, for example decorticated bone, make the non union site bleeding and apply the bone graft. (6) There is a report that harvesting bone graft from iliac crest can lead the painful scar and numbness around the harvest site and affect quality of life of the patient(Schwartz et al., 2009). Fortunately, nonunion can be prevented by many procedures, good surgical technique and proper implanted selection. (8) Minimally invasive (MIS) technique becomes more popular and there are many developed modern instruments which are friendly and easy usable. The advantage of the development is less tissue traumatized procedure which can preserve the biologic around the fracture site. (9) We can also prevent hypertrophic nonunion by providing an enough mechanic stability factor. (10) However, the high energy trauma as well as severe open fracture can make devastation of the soft tissue around the fracture site and might impair the biologic requirement for fracture healing .(11)And in this circumstance; the prevention by using MIS technique or even more strong stability implant cannot preventable because the soft tissue have loosen before treatment. Eventually, the atrophic nonunion might occur due to impair of the biologic component. (12) It is, thus, reasonable to augment with the biologic component for enhance and prevent bone healing in high risk case. The biologic part to support bone healing is consisted of the mediator part such as growth factors or cytokines and cellular part which are involved and orchestrated in fracture healing process. (13)
Recently, promote and enhance healing process by difference kinds of mediator have been studied and reported. Interleukin, BMP, VEGF and bone stimulating mediator have positive effect for fracture healing and BMP2 and BMP7 have been accepted for treatment as the biologic stimulated in Human.
Bone diseases most directly influence the ability to walk or to move any part of the body--hands, limbs, neck, and spine. They are related to joint disorders--ARTHRITIS, COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION of joints, and RHEUMATISM. The medical specialty pertaining to bone disorders is ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the most common bone disorders. They can occur as the result of an accident or be secondary to metabolic diseases. Fractures are life-threatening to aged people having the metabolic bone disease
Bone tissue is the structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. Another name for it is the osseous tissue. The human body has 206 bones which all have different functions within the body. There are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton which are arms, legs, and trunk. The axial skeleton has 80 bones which are the head and the vertebrate. The role of bones help moves the body and give it shape. Important functions of the bone are support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor
causes for needing a bone replaced, a common one being arthritis. The hip and knee are both effective bones in the body when uncompromised by osteoarthritis because they are structurally designed to manage stress from loading in effective ways. In hip and knee replacement surgery, common surgeries, there are advantages and disadvantages relating to recovery time and lasting bone health. By examining the structure and functionality of the knee and hip with an emphasis on artificial bone, researchers are
several tissues that are capable of regeneration. Bone is one of those tissues that receives extensive use so it is necessary that it is strong in order to carry out its functions; however, it will occasionally face injury. Although our bones are capable of regeneration, a new method would help the elderly and others that have a more difficult time healing after injury. I viewed a “TED Talk” lecture, which discussed a new way of regenerating bone with the help of our own bodies. Molly Stevens, the
Pieces of a Novel Puzzle “A novel or a collection of short stories?'; may be a question that a critic asks about Rattlebone. Maxine Clair portrays both arguments with her energetic writing style. A blend of random comments and many unique phrases intermix with the intense plot. Writing like this gives the reader a more relaxed state and the book seems more alive and real. In answer to the critique question, Maxine Clair is writing a novel because of an abundant supply of foreshadowing, a collection
approximately 30 million women and 10 million men aged 50 years or older have osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, or both, placing them at risk for disabling fractures” (Gronholz, 2008). Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the bones become fragile and brittle from the loss of tissue. The disease affects the entire skeleton including the spongy bone layer. Bones with a large spongy bone percentage are usually weakened and affected the most by condition. These would include the spine
The Devastating Suicide in Bone In Bone, by Fae Myenne Ng, the character Ona Leong grows up in a Chinese-American family in San Francisco. Ona shared her home with two sisters that are extreme opposites, a mother who works in sweatshops and a father who works out at sea for long periods. Ona grew up loving every member of her family and each one of them believed that she was on the road to success. But on a day like any other, Ona commits suicide by jumping off of the thirteenth floor of the
Directed and written by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber, the movie “Butterfly Effect” is about a young man (Kutcher) who blacks out harmfull memories of significant events of his life. As he grows up he finds a way to remember these lost memories and a supernatural way to alter his life. This movie teaches a simple lesson about life: one little thing in the past can change the whole outcome of life later. The book Bonesetter’s Daughter, by Amy Tan, also has something to do with past, as it is narrated
and it made you wonder about how broken bones heal. I, also, heard you were wondering how bones grew after you saw some unborn chickens and their broken eggs. I’d love to tell you how our bones heal, but first, let’s go over how they begin their “life” cycle into becoming an actual bone. When we are born, our bones start out as hyaline cartilage (hyalos- meaning glass). You can think of hyaline cartilage, in this case, as the “framework” for the future bones. This cartilage is formed by multiplying
that the loss and gain function of LRP5 affects bone formation, causes osteoporosis, and high bone mass. Bone formation forms cartilage growth and replacement by bone is responsible for most growth in vertebrates. Bones is living, growing tissue and it made of collagen and calcium phosphate that adds strength and hardness. However, Osteoporosis has become a major health problem due to unknown cause. When bone resorption occurs too quickly or when bone replaces occurs too slowly it known as osteoporosis
The Tragedy of Leila in Bone How much responsibility should any child have over their family? In "Bone," by Fae Myenne Ng, a character named Leila is born the daughter of a loving mother, Mah, and a run-out-on-the-family father whom cursed Leila with a last name Fu. As Leila said herself, "Fu in our dialect sounds like the word for bitter" (18). She became the oldest with two other sisters, Ona and Nina, whom both came from Mah's second husband, Leon. Leon loves his biological daughters like
It is clear that the use of bone grafts has obviously grown in the last years for periodontal and maxillofacial applications. Although autogenous graft is the gold standard due to its neglected risk of disease transmission and developing a harmful immune response following its implantation, a variety of complication like pain or arterial injury, as well as, donor site morbidity are likely to be provoked(1). Therefore, allograft is considered an appropriate modality. However, they can initiate unwanted
Bones is an American crime drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network on September 13, 2005. This show, Bones, is a forensic anthropology. Forensic archaeology utilizes science, as well as state-of-the-art gadgets to solve mysterious homicides. It starts by finding human remains dumped somewhere, then casually presenting some hints or signs that would not mean anything from the first look. However, these clues are thoroughly investigated and examined, and become pieces of evidence
The Bone People- Relationships Relationships surround us all though out lift. Everyone needs some type of relationship, whether it's a friendship, family, or lover. People can't last without them, no matter how different the relationships are. In the novel The Bone People, it's based on the relationships between the three main characters; Kerewin, Joe and Simon. The relationship between Kerewin and Joe was very odd. They have a type of relationship that they aren't even sure about, they
Author: Deaver, Allen Title: The Bone Collector, New York, New American Library, 1997. Scene: This story takes place in New York City, New York in the mid 90's. While the UN conference is in town, a series of kidnappings has erupted and it's up to a team of forensic scientists to follow the clues and find the killer. Theme: People who never give up what they started will always accomplish his/her goal. Key Persons: Lincoln Rhyme, once a famous NYPD "criminalist" who is now a quadriplegic