Barriers in Older Persons
Lattimore et al., (2011) said that the term “barrier” is used to describe anything the participants reported as obstacles to being physically active. A barrier is not necessarily something that keeps a person from being physically active, but something that is perceived as an obstacle to overcome in order to be physically active. In order to effectively change behavior it is important to understand and address barriers. These barriers can be grouped into individual, environmental, and social categories (Lattimore et al., 2011). However, according to Petursdottir, Arnadottir, & Halldorsdottir (2010), they stated that there are internal and external factors which can act as facilitators or barriers to exercising.
Prior to internal factors, it comes from the individual attributes itself. Firstly is motivation. The influence of motivation was evident in the study, emerging from various sources. Based on Petursdottir, Arnadottir, & Halldorsdottir (2010), elderly with health problems were eager to find activities and exercise that fitted them and in many cases, they adapted their exercises to their life. Otherwise for other participants, they were motivated by the results of the exercise, not because they liked it or enjoyed it. However, there is one of the participants seemed to lack the motivation to exercise, based on an overwhelming experience of boredom while exercising (Petursdottir, Arnadottir, & Halldorsdottir, 2010). Moreover, the participants were also very candid about their lack of self-discipline and motivation when trying to adhere to an exercise program. Prior to boredom, some respondents noted that there were “much more interesting” things to do rather than exercising, which developed into a ...
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...sses often were difficult to find, and sometimes it was difficult to get information about them. Moreover, they said that sometimes, the accessibility of training facilities was poor and the equipment not user-friendly. Besides, they also mentioned that the main hindrance to accessibility was stairs and when walking outside, the lack of benches was become a barrier (Petursdottir, Arnadottir, & Halldorsdottir, 2010).
Financial costs of physical activity behavior in regards to the cost of a gym membership had appeared as a barrier for five participants. Otherwise, participants should admit that there were other avenues in which physical activity was possible without incurring the cost of a gym membership (Buman, Yasova, & Giacobbi, 2010). The consumption of alcohol was also pointed out as other barriers preventing the elderly from exercising (Ashe et al., 2009).
Routine physical activity may be difficult for those with low income to achieve. Firstly, people who have low income generally must work longer and laborious hours than people in the high and middle income rankings in order to have enough money to get by. Low-class Americans simply do not have the time or energy to exercise their bodies. Also, an individual’s economic status can be the cause for several obstacles of achieving physical fitness. For instance, the lack of transportation to and from the gym could be a major problem, as well as being able to pay gym membership fees or gym equipment. It is further explained, “A lack of good transportation choices is the most important single issue that limits routine activities such as walking, biking, and transit use by low income people.” (Squibb 2) Poor economy is only one of the ways low-income individuals are limited to physical fitness.
Disability is everywhere; sometimes it is visible and other times it is not. When asked to look for it you can often find it in places you frequently visit but just never have paid enough attention to notice it. According to the world health organization disability is, “any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered ‘normal’ for a human being” (2004). I currently work at a fast-food restaurant. The doors to this restaurant are not accessible to people with disabilities because they do not open automatically. One day while I was working, a costumer seemed to be having difficulties coming in to place an order, the problem appeared to be that he was unable to open the door while trying to operate his wheelchair. He was frustrated and seemed embarrassed because he required another costumers help to do the task of opening the door, which is often seen as a simple everyday routine. The costumer who was unable to come inside the restaurant is considered to be
...exercise intrinsic motivation. Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion, 19(2), 18-26.
The life expectancy of aging adults has increased therefore; the need for counseling psychologist to provide services to this population has become more prevalent now than ever before. Due to physical and psychological decline, dependency issues, unexpected loss of employment, societal consequences and death are all challenges that older adults face throughout the aging process. This chapter highlights the growing issues that older adults often face.
It is commonly known that everyone should spend at least one hour a day getting some sort of exercise. Being physically in shape can overall reduce health risks and expand one’s own life span in a positive way. As being a college student who works out daily, I completely agree with this statement because exercising has brought upon me adequate amount of health benefits as well as bestow positive mentality. It has been also reported that many elderly adults has been told by doctors to exercise as often as possible, for it helps reduce problems such as heart diseases, cholesterol and even cancer. Many younger adults also participate in exercising daily to achieve the toned or muscular body that they desire. This makes perfect sense because I don’t know one person who doesn’t want a well-defined six pack, especially when it comes to beach season.
inactivity in older US adults: Results from the Third National and Nutrition Examination Survey. European Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 11, No. 5, 347-353.
When advocating for the success of a client when utilizing this theory, a counselor must be prepared to identify and eliminate barriers, prejudices, oppression, and discrimination that may create a psychological obstruction in the client. Learning culturally-competent counseling practices and current theoretical approaches while practicing self-reflection will help the counselor acquire the skills necessary to engage with a diverse clientele. Strategies such as; identifying cultural differences, understanding and addressing issues in the counseling process, the counselor’s ability to understand self, and ongoing education are all important strategies in combating oppression and eliminating barriers.
Every person finds fitness for a different reason, but everyone sticks with it for the same reason. They either like the way they feel after they workout or they like the way they look after they workout, besides that there are very few other reasons in between. Once this is understood, it is easy to become literate in the fitness
According to the Department of Health and Human Services “adults should get at least two and a half hours (150 minutes) each week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity ("Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans-)”. Unfortunately, it is estimated that only about 20% of adults are actually exercising the recommended amount ("CBSNews"). This leaves the other 80% of adults at a disadvantage. Inactivity in adults yields even more increased risk than children. Adults who do not exercise and do not get the proper nutrients are more at risk for “high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, stroke, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer ("Why Is It Important? -")”. Unlike children, adults are more aware of these risks, however adults have more reasons to be deterred. The most common reasons adults don’t exercise or eat healthy are that they don’t have time, they feel uncomfortable with their current physical condition, they lack energy due to a poor diet, or they just haven’t developed a habit for exercising ("CBSNews"). The last reason reiterates the need for better physical education
Pekmezi, D., Ph.D., Barbera, B., M.A., & Marcus, B. H., Ph.D. (2010). Using the transtheoretical model to promote physical activity. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 14(4), 8-1
Physical barriers can happen in many places from offices to health care organisation, this can affect people who may have a disability and may need to use ramps, may need wide doors or may even need lifts in certain areas for example in schools they would need to have wide doors, ramps and lifts. But this can also be a barrier if the building were built from a long time ago but it can be overcome is in school they rearrange the time table and have the lesson in a different area of the school building where the wheelchair can access.
Most people have an aspiration to get rid of a certain unhealthy behaviour or to employ a new health behaviour that would benefit their wellbeing. Some examples include a wish to stop smoking, eating a balanced diet or getting rid of a sedentary lifestyle. Many psychologists have been trying to find a model that would help people fight these kinds of unwanted health behaviours. One of such is the Transtheoretical model of behavioural change (TTM) which will be the main focus of this essay. Specifically, how one’s sedentary lifestyle can be changed by bringing out a systematic exercising routine using TTM.
For example a young child may participate in an after school football club, a teenager up to 30 years may consider taking up physical activity or sports professionally. A middle aged may join a club for eg. Running if they feel they are overweight. The elderly may take place in activity such as bowls or even just everyday walking to the local shops. For each of these examples a person who does not participate in exercise may experience becoming breathless at minimal tasks such as a light jog or walking up or down the stairs, this is because the heart is not able to cope with additional stress as it has no...
Participation in sport, particularly in adults is shown to be rapidly decreasing. In The general Household Survey (2002, cited in National statistics) it was discovered that with the exclusion of walking, only 43% of the population had participated in some form of exercise in the four weeks prior to the research interview. It is accepted with recent statistics that participation rates in the UK are not adhering to the advised five times a week from the Department of Health, the author feels this is a worrying reality as there are many health implications resulting from a national neglect towards exercise.
Weight loss, obesity, cardiovascular health, risk falls, and mental issues are just factors that commonly affect American citizens daily. Exercising has always been there ever since it was discovered, and it will continuously be accessible for everyone as the best solution to see real results. Clearly, exercising is the best choice to include in any regimes anyone may think of when trying to invest in their health. It benefits those citizens naturally with self confidence which leads them to live happily and avoid other life circumstances that general population may go through. As compared to other recommendations when choosing exercise being the best solution to health issues, it can definitely be challenging. Some may consider types of solution that are easy and gives immediate outcomes such as taking diet pills, diet supplements, or surgeries and if they are wealthy, they may even consider getting laser liposuctions. Yet, since these alternate ways are not done naturally, it may come back faster than they think and can still affect one's mental and physical health.Therefore, exercise is the best solution due to the fact that it’s a natural way of taking care of the human body. Through this process, anyone who will participate in exercise or physical activities will learn that it’s a journey. They will learn how strong they really are physically and mentally as a person. Exercising “ ‘provides