Nowadays, many applications for learning using ASR system. ASR can capture children's interest and engaged them in their learning (Husniza. H, Fauziah. A.R., Sobihatun. N.A.S., 2012). ASR also can increase the quality of learning and teaching help make sure e-learning is accessible to all through the cost-effective production of synchronized and captioned multimedia ( Mike. W., 2002). So, IMELDA is one of application using ASR technologies to help challenging young children in primary school in Malaysia. IMELDA was encouraging children to interest in learning English. However, during testing IMELDA at school for six children from primary school some limitation be found in this ASR system that affect accuracy. In order to ensuring this application using ASR technology work properly, it need be able to handle any of the possible caused affect performance an ASR engine (Victoria. Y., 2012). The theory of the literature reviewed relationship between ASR recognition performance as measured by the accuracy where % of the word correct, divided by the total number of words used. ACCURACY OF ASR The accuracy ASR is a challenging problem to handle for Automatic speech recognition system. This difficulty causes from some factor . According Victoria Y (2012) these error are caused by two factors: external and internal factors. An external factor which is noise environment and internal factor from error of components and language model (LM) by ASR system. In IMELDA factor causes ASR problem from both (e.g. Child's voice, noise environment, pronunciation error and language model (LM) used in IMELDA not suitable for L2. Noise environment The noise in the environment is one of the external factors that determine th... ... middle of paper ... ...ion error happens when younger children may not have a correct pronunciation. Furthermore, the model an ASR engine in IMELDA not suitable for children L2 because the phonetic from children L2 is different with children L1. Sometimes young children not known how to articulate specific phonemes (Schotz, 2001). Almost speech recognition system develops using English language. Thus, ASR system gives it problem for children L2 especially in accuracy because style pronunciation English language is different compare children L1. According to Muhirwe. J (2005) to build speech engine we need a corpus. Speech corpus can get from collections of text and speech and both are used basis of the statistic processing of natural language processing (NLP). Cole et al., (1994) also state to develop a speech corpus may involve data collection and transcription.
As most people know speech and language issues would only happen with children just learning to talk and tennagers in middle school to high school. The reasoning behind this is because most people don’t correct their children’s speech when they are first learning due to the fact that the parents or grandparents think it is to cute to correct, which only hurts the children more th...
McCleery et al. (2006) studied the speech sound development of minimally verbal and nonverbal children with ASD and compared their development to typically developing children who were matched for language production and comprehension skills. Their findings indicate that children with ASD, even those that are severely language delayed, show the same general consonant production patterns as typically developing children. Moreover, the production pattern of children with ASD is practically identical for sounds produced spontaneously and sounds produced in imitation....
Establishment consisted of teaching the children correct placement of articulators to produce the targeted speech sound across all word positions. The randomized-variable practice began once the child could produce the sound 80% of the time in certain syllables. It usually took children 1-5 sessions to complete the establishment phase. Random teaching tasks such as imitated single syllables, imitated single words, nonimitated single words, imitated two-to-four word phrases, nonimitated two-to-four word phrases, imitated sentences, nonimitated sentences, and storytelling or conversations were selected in the second phase. Participants remained in this phase until they obtained 80% mastery across two
The role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a challenging but imperative role to society. When there is pathology present in an individual’s communication, either language-based or speech-based, serious adverse effects can impact the quality and functionality of their lives. This is why I am perusing a career as an SLP. The ever-changing profession as an SLP allures me to the field because the learning never ends. As an academic, I am always prepared to absorb new information, and SLP’s must stay updated on the most current research, to ensure that they are providing the most appropriate services for their clients. Also, because every client is unique with diverse
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Evaluation: We will make a scoring system, containing a scale from 0 to 5 (0 means bad pronunciation, 5 means good pronunciation). Before the treatment started, we had recorded the voice of mrs. K while reading a text. After treatment we are going to record her voice again and judge whether her pronunciation improved or not. We will also ask her family and to mrs. K herself. In this way, we consult the family and mrs. K which goal...
Researchers have provided different classifications of speech errors. They can be categorized according to the “linguistic units,” such as “phonological feature, phoneme, syllable, morpheme, word phrase, or sentence levels” (Harely, 2001, p. 376). Moreover, speech errors can be classified according to the “mechanisms” of the speech errors (Harely, 2001, p. 376). For example, Carroll (2007) classified eight of the basic types of slips of the tongue according to the error mechanism from the previous psycholinguistic studies. These errors include shift, exchanges, anticipations, perseveration, additions, deletions, substitutions, and blends.
Uneven language development is one of the biggest red flags that indicate ASD. For example, a normal child consistently learns new words and continues to learn how to arrange them into cohesive statements, whereas a child with ASD learns a few words and then have long p...
Better Health Channel. (2014, February 17). Childhood apraxia of speech. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from Better Health Channel: http://betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Childhood_apraxia_of_speech
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For a learner, it often seems natural to seek perfection of the language (Bygate 2000:30). They may try to convey the message using a full sentence and complex constructions. The speech of lower level speakers isn’t filled with reduced forms such as contraction, elision, assimilation, and reduction. They may not use weak forms, linking, assimilation or intrusion and consider reduced forms as signs of lazy or careless English. Though appropriate in written language, and to a certain extent in short-turn formal speech, such language may sound too formal in everyday conversations, causing unfriendliness and hostility from the listener. Moreover, they are unable to understand natural spoken language.
Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J. H. (2009), Speech and Language Processing: International Version: an Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, 2nd ed, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Phonetics and phonology have many possible applications both in theory and practice. Speech and speakers recognition and speakers synth...