Arizona’s Constitutional Provisions
The Arizona Constitution affects schools, corporations, counties, and municipalities in many different ways. It was originally written in 1910, and approved in 1911 to provide the citizens of Arizona with the possibility of becoming a separated and legal state of its own right. Arizona was rejected as a state several times before it was accepted by President Taft on February 14, 1912 to become part of the State of Union. The Arizona Constitution is the framework on the decisions and rules that each school, corporation, and municipality must follow. It also protects the rights of the people in their individual businesses, their disabilities, and also provides security and stability so that each individual is treated fairly.
Arizona Constitution Effects on Counties
There are a total of 15 counties in the state of Arizona. The capital of the Arizona is located in Maricopa County which also holds the majority of the state’s population. The Arizona state constitution has a big impact on the formation of counties in the state. Article XII of the Arizona state constitution outlines many of the powers given to the counties (Arizona constitution).
Article XII has nine sections which cover a variety of topics. The first section of the article states that each county of the state shall be recognized as a body politic and corporate. This is important for the counties as it lets them be seen as one entity. Other powers granted to the counties are the election of county officers and their set term lengths. The county officers included in section 3 are the sheriff, county attorney, recorder, treasurer, assessor, superintendent of schools and at least three supervisors. They are all to be elected by the peop...
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ASI, (2012). The Arizona Constitution: Study Guide. Massachusetts: Academic Solutions, Inc.
Bommersbach, Jana. The Arizona Republic: Arizona’s Statehood Story.AZCentral.com. 2012 http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/viewpoints/articles/2010/11/27/20101127arizona-statehood-boomersbach.html. http://coconino.az.gov/DocumentCenter/View/308.
Keyt, R. (2013). Arizona s. corporations. Retrieved November 12, 2013 from www.keytlaw.com/azllclaw/az-endtities/arizona-s-corporation. Meyer, Warren. (2013). Forbes: Constitutional Protection Against the Corporate States.
Forbes.com Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/warrenmeyer/2011/03/24/constitutional-protection-against-the-corporate-state/.
The Texas Constitution is a document that describes the structure and purpose of the government in Texas. It took effect in February 15, 1876 and is amongst the longest state constitutions in the United States. It is the sixth constitution since claiming their independence from Mexico in 1836. Texas joined the United States under the Constitution of 1845 with provisions. Those provisions included allowing Texas to enter the union and begin the first U.S. statehood constitution. In 1861 Texas amended to transfer their statehood to the Confederacy. After the Confederacy was defeated Texas was required to adopt a constitution if they wanted to rejoin the union. The 1866 Constitution Convention emerged with a document but it did not last very long.
Our county was founded with the principles of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. The constitution is structured to ensue those individual rights. We have a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
Miranda rights are the entitlements every suspect has. An officer of the law is required to make these rights apparent to the suspect. These are the rights that you hear on every criminal investigation and policing show in the country, “You have the right to remain silent, anything you say may be used against you, you have the right to consult an attorney, if you can no t afford an attorney one will be appointed for you.” After the suspect agrees that he or she understands his/her rights, the arrest and subsequent questioning and investigation may continue. These are liberties that were afforded to suspected criminals in the Miranda Vs Arizona. However, with every rule there also exceptions like: Maryland v. Shatzer, Florida v. Powell, and Berghuis v. Thompkins.
The local governments in Texas are smaller units that form part of the larger state government. These local government extensions act as the administrative branch of the state government. The state of Texas relies mainly on its constitution of 1876 to establish the various local government jurisdictions. Currently, there are 254 counties, 50 cities, 1,100 education districts and 2,393 special districts in the state serving a population of 26 million people (Collier et al.). Each of these branches of the local government has specific roles, which they are supposed to play.
Let us begin in the 1500’s this was when Arizona was first explored by the Spanish. In 1539 Arizona was claimed for Spain by Marcos de Niza. The first Spanish settlers were established in 1752 in Tubac. There were many revolts from two tribes Pima and Papago. In 1821 Mexico acquires military control over Arizona. The United States won the Mexican war in 1848. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave the United States most of Arizona. The rest of the state was given to the United States in 1853 by the Gadsden Purchase. Arizona discovered Copper in 1854. Arizona became a state on Valentine’s Day in 1912. This states name comes from the "Spanish word Arizonac. This term means little spring" (Bright, 2004, p. 47). The states motto became “Ditat Deus” which translates to “God enriches”.
In my analysis of the Texas Constitution I will assess the three branches of our State Government, the Legislative Branch, Executive Branch and finally the Judicial Branch. Our State Government resembles our National Government in various ways but also in very different ways which we will review in this essay. I will identify a handful of criticisms and problems associated with the provisions in each of these branches of our State Government and identify suggested reforms that many feel are needed.
The first constitution of Texas adopted on March 1, 1836 opens with these words, “We, the people of Texas, in order to form a Government, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense and general welfare; and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution”. (“Constitution of Republic of Texas” pp. 9-25.) Created in 1836, the first Constitution of the Republic of Texas was born. Fearful of attack by Mexican troops, fifty nine delegates, borrowing from other State Constitutions and the United States Constitution, met at the Washington-on-the-Brazos to write the first Constitution for Texas as an independent unitary body of Government. (Haag and Keith p. 37) Consisting of a preamble, six articles, a schedule, general provisions, and a declaration of rights, the first constitution of Texas incorporated some of the following provisions, “a bicameral legislature, separation of powers, an executive and judiciary branch of government, freedom of religion, recognition of slavery, a system of checks and balances, a definition of a citizen that excluded Africans, Indians, and their descendents, adult male suffrage, property rights, and an amendment process”. (Haag and Keith p. 37)
Over two hundred years ago, new settlers were finding their way around a vast and new country. Their whole philosophy about their new finding was to create new lives away from the British and develop a way of living to fit their standards. As they set up a new government many new and innovative ideas were added. Our fore-fathers wanted a country that would continue to grow and prosper within the needs of its citizens. Since the beginning of such a new government new laws have come and gone, separate governments have been set up and given their own responsibilities. These separate governments of course are at the state level. Our constitution gives direct regulations for state governments, and rights to create our own form of legislation. Arizona may have taken this right a bit too far.
Due process of law has been one of the major principles of the United States justice system. One part of due process is that police officers must follow regulations to ensure suspects are treated fair. Until the 1960’s there were no guidelines on the rights of a suspect during an interrogation. Miranda V. Arizona was a fundamental Supreme Court case that established a procedure police must follow while arresting a suspect, it also established the rights an individual has during the interrogation process. In this paper we will discuss the circumstances leading up to the Supreme Court’s decision, the reasoning behind the court’s decision, the ways it has impacted the criminal justice system, and finally how the decision in Miranda’s case effected
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land in the United States of America. The Texas Constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. Constitution can also be defined as a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged in being governed. Each of these constitutions can be related in many ways as wells as being able do differentiate the two. Coming with strengths and weaknesses each plays a role and ultimately can coexist and learn from each other. These documents are critically important and share common goals that differentiate slightly. By breaking down the internal process of each of these constitutions the end goal is
In the article titled "Dying to Work" there is an excellent quote given by Rep. Kolbe says, “There are no two countries in the world that share a border where the economic disparities are greater than between the U.S. and Mexico.” (AZ Republic, 2002) My paper draws on the information from the “Worldwide Refugee Information: Country Report: Mexico” written in 2000 and the article titled “Dying to Work: The Arizona Republic” written in 2001. Both of these articles give numerous information about the Mexican Immigrants and refugees. I am focusing on the illegal Mexican immigrants as well as refugees that enter the U.S. through refugee status, because living in Arizona, there are many immigrants and refugees from Mexico that we see walking down the street. They are trying to come across the boarder to the United States. These immigrants and refugees come in search for a better life, not only for themselves, but for their families as well. Mexico is full of poverty and trying to find a good paying job in Mexico is slim to none. People depend on their family members that come across to the United States to support them. In this paper I will compare and contrast these two articles, trying to give you a better scope of how difficult things are for refugees and illegal immigrants that come to the U.S. from Mexico, in search for hope..
Miranda vs Arizona has provided many people the right they deserve. Miranda vs Arizona is known as one of the best supreme court cases. The case was decided in 1996 and has been providing people with the proper rights they deserve for many years. Miranda rights have provided people with basic rights like having the right to remain silent and many more. Even though everyone has the Miranda rights, not everyone knows they have them that is why it is the officer's duty to tell the person being arrested what his Miranda rights are.
position. It is agreed that the professionals in the criminal justice system cannot behave in a manner likely to suggest that they take advantage of the vulnerable and the ignorant in the name of pursuing the evidence. As such, the legal enforcement officers need to ensure that a suspect is educated and well informed on the implication of their confessions. Further, in numerous cases, victims or suspects are represented or guided by attorneys because at times, the law enforcement officers have a tendency of enticing a victim who over implicating information in the face of deception.
This case had to do with an Ernest Miranda who raped a Patty McGee*. After extracting a written confession from the rapist about the situation, Miranda’s lawyer argued that it was not valid since the Phoenix Police Department failed to read Miranda his rights, also in violation of the Sixth Amendment which is the right to counsel. Some factors that helped support Miranda’s arguments were that the suspect had requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with a lawyer; the suspect had not been effectively warned about his right to remain silent; and an incriminating statement must have been given by the suspect. The author of the Arizona court’s decision, former U.S. Senator and Arizona governor Ernest W. McFarland, said that Miranda had not requested a lawyer at the time of his detention and therefore was not entitled to the protections offered by such thins as in the Escobedo vs. Illinois case.
Ever wonder how some laws come to be? Some laws are created from cases that have been to the U.S. Supreme Court and it was discovered that there was mistakes made on behalf of law enforcement. Take the case, Miranda v. Arizona, this is where the Miranda Warning came from. We are going to look at the chain of events that happened to Mr. Ernesto Miranda, what the outcome of the case was, and what exactly are the Miranda Warnings.