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3 ways in which substance abuse affects teenagers academically
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Introduction
Is an illegal substance or a legal substance more detrimental to educational attainment? Studies have shown that early marijuana use is correlated with poor educational performance including high school drop-out rates (Verweij, Huizink, Agrawal, Martin, & Lynskey, 2013). The explanation for the rate of dropouts and poor education performance is that engaging in activities that involves smoking marijuana, strays the student from education. Nonetheless there are cases where students that do smoke marijuana or drink alcohol still excel in school as well as have a high grade point average therefore the students peers play a big role in the straying that cause them to deter from education. If that is the case what about the student that associates themselves with those students who smoke and drink but are big on education? Would they still be deterred from education to the point where their grade point average is low and they drop out of school? With marijuana being illegal and alcohol being legal does marijuana or alcohol pose a bigger threat to educational attainment? Other studies suggest that alcohol and marijuana was associated with reduced educational attainment which can be due to the common risk factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage (Grant , et al., 2012). The study showed that early marijuana and alcohol use did have an association with early school dropout and reduced lifetime educational attainment however there was not a significant correlation for early substance use and early school dropout rate.
My study is to find out whether educational attainment and substance use plays a significant role in educational attainment and what education level are the students more likely to let the use of alcohol and ma...
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...erimental Research, 1412-1420.
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Verweij, K. J., Huizink, A. C., Agrawal, A., Martin, N. G., & Lynskey, M. T. (2013). Is the relationship between early-onset cannabis use and educational attainment causal or due to common liability? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 580-586.
White, J., & Batty, D. G. (2012). Intelligence across childhood in relation to illegal drug use in adulthood: 1970 Britsih Cohort Study. Jornal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 767-774.
In Wayne Hall’s article he reviews the possible problems and outcomes from legalizing recreational cannabis. In the introduction Hall discusses the states that have already passed laws about the legalization of marijuana which then leads the potential effects. Some of the main concerns that show strong rebuttal point are that adolescents can become impaired in school, disorders in children whose mothers used cannabis while pregnant, and how some users can develop psychotic ...
Around the world many people argue that legalizing cannabis will change the human brain in certain ways, and studies show it does. Marijuana can cause various brain abnormalities as well as affect fertility. Heavy use of marijuana can lead to memory loss and brain abnormalities. The ingredients in marijuana affect the hippocampus, making it difficult for the brain to process and form congruent thoughts. Studies examined a group of people from ages 17 to 23 and measured their IQ before and after the use of marijuana (Rey et. al). On those individuals, the results showed the people who would smoked more than five joints a week had their IQ lower by an average of four points. Additionally, various data demonstrated that smoking marijuana lead to a worse performance at school, including having a worse attitude and a bad attendance (Rey. et. al). As well as menta...
Andrew Morral, Daniel McCaffrey, and Susan Paddock, “Reassessing the Marijuana Gateway Effect” Addiction, vol. 97, December 2002, pp. 1493- 1504. Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs
Johns organizes his paper into three major topics: psychological responses to cannabis use, cannabis dependency, and vulnerabilities that may increase the risk factor of one or both of these. Each of the three topics is
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "The Nagative consequences of Marijuana Use." Marijuana (Contemporary Issues Companion). Tardiff, Joseph, ed. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 34-44. Print
Rogeberg, O. (2013). Correlations between cannabis use and IQ change in the Dunedin cohort are consistent with confounding from socioeconomic status. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States of America, 110(11), 4251-4254. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215678110
The methods of administration and the resulting cognitive and behavioral effects of cannabis are cru...
About one out of five 10th graders and about 1 out of four high school seniors used marijuana in the past month (Facts for Teens, 1). It is the second most popular drug among teens in the US (Encarta, 1). Teens, ages 12-17, that use marijuana weekly are nine times more likely than non-users to experience with illegal drugs and alcohol (Fed. Study, 1). More 13 & 14 year olds are using drugs, fifteen pe...
A great proportion of college students use marijuana, 25% of students or higher according to some findings. This may not be too much of a surprise to us. What I was surprised to find in my readings is that chronic marijuana users are, as a class and individually, high academic achievers. Furthermore, they are achievement- oriented and even some chronic marijuana users even intended to go on to graduate school at a higher rate than nonusers in a particular study I read about.
...ssures to be the best they can be academically. With all these pressures of adolescence on the rise, more and more teens are falling prey to the alluring “high” that allows a temporary leave from their problems and stress. Because teens lack the maturity and knowledge to understand long term consequences, they tend not to think about the down falls that they will face as a result of the drug use. This is especially true when it come to marijuana, as it is seen by so many as the harmless drug. With the increased use of marijuana by youth over the last three decades, it is imperative that better preventative measures, and firmer penalties, be put in place to educate and raise awareness concerning the risks and dangerous side effects that marijuana use can have. Only once society has put these preventative measures in to action, will there be an effective change seen.
For example, in a 2014 article, neuroscientist Dr Jodi Gilman reported that even a little marijuana use was associated with “exposure-dependent alterations of the neural matrix of core reward systems” in the brains of young marijuana users. The reasoning goes that this would predispose them to use other drugs.
In this article, Kristen Weir reviews the effects marijuana has on the developing brain. As more states are now legalizing marijuana for not only medical but recreational use, many medical doctors and psychologist fear the long-term effects. Many of marijuana’s long-term effects are still unknown even though it is one of the most widely used illegal substance in the United States. Recreational use in states that marijuana is legalized in only pertains to citizens 21 or older. Even with the age restrictions, some doctors still fear the legalization of marijuana recreational will allow the drug to become more accessible to younger adults or adolescences. Susan Weiss, the director of the division of extramural research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), voiced her concerns on the topic stating, “There are a lot of open questions…. But there 's a growing literature, and it 's all pointing in the same direction: Starting young and using frequently may disrupt brain development." (Weiss). As she acknowledges the fact that there is a “growing literature” when it comes to marijuana use and its effects, she also admits the new research is all leading to the same conclusion, frequent use and starting young may disrupt normal brain development. The government and other private institutions are funding and researching these unknown effects.
Many experts fear that social cost increase dramatically. That means that because of the higher consumption rate, the number of health issues caused by marijuana consumption will increase. Furthermore, “there is plenty of evidence that drug-using employees are less productive and less healthy” (Walters, John P. “No surrender: the drug war saves lives”). What goes along with this is that a higher consumption rate also affects school. Experts fear that it has “a negative effect on high school graduation rates, college enrollment, and youth employment” (“Legalisation of Marijuana” Student Resource Center).
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Wall, Melanie M., et al. “Adolescent Marijuana Use from 2002 to 2008: Higher in States with Medical Marijuana Laws, Cause Still Unclear.” Annals of Epidemiology (2011). Web. 6 Sept. 2011.