Interviews and questionnaires have shown that participant was at contemplation stage. He was aware of the pros of changing but also acutely aware of costs. Participant have shown signs and confirmed during interview that he was stuck in contemplation stage for quite a long time. From these results the assumption was made that participant is not ready for traditional action-oriented programs, so TTM was adapted to assist behavioural change. During intervention researchers used self-liberation, stimulus control, contingency management and helping relationship strategies and from outside an opportunity of social liberation strategy appeared. These 5 strategies were most useful. (Porchasaska & Velicer 1997). (4 +1 out of 10)
Participant was motivated to manage stress, maintain physical strength and avoid health-related problems. - portfolio part.
Overall, intervention shows positive results and participant's movement from contemplation to preparation stage. Throughout 4 weeks intervention client experienced positive attitude towards evening walking and was able to achieve 30 minutes of moderate intensity, physical exercise (SHS, 2013). Due to difficulties to adapt to the morning routine, client suggested to have longer evening walking. Moreover, evening walks became more preferred due to chance to meet with his cousin rising social liberation changing process. Client was provided with increased in social opportunities to support the behavioural change.
Self-liberation was promoted by increase of self confidence and allowing participant to design his own weekly plan and encouraged to act on it. It worked perfectly, as client didn't experience strong influence from researcher and was designing tasks that he found reasonable and achievable.
On the other hand, stimulus control was quite difficult to achieve. Due to time constrains, suggestions like walking to the shop, or to work were not implemented. However, evening walks and weekend gym activities were very easily accepted and were enjoyable.
To ensure prolonger engagement in new habits and to reduce the risk of withdrawal, contingency management was implemented. Researchers attempted to positively comment on success fallowing weekly schedule and during failure like adapting to morning schedule, was encouraged to find solutions on how to fit 30 minutes of exercising. Contingency management (Porchasaska & Velicer 1997) suggest that self-changers benefits much more from rewards than punishments. Client was enthusiastic about additional tasks and have not shown any form of withdrawal.
Lastly, helping relationship was probably most useful process, which was used throughout intervention. Researchers were reflecting participant's values and understanding of exercising importance to promote and encourage behavioural change truth the clients own value system.
...ersatile and positive orientated framework. By looking at the person and their story, I assert that a comprehensive view of the client can be reached. The empowerment and positive nature of the solution-focused modality undoubtedly generates results. However, I do no think these positive results could be reach without some traditional base as appoint of reference. While this will serve as my main counseling format, I am aware that I will need to be versed with other counseling and testing techniques.
The article discusses the therapeutic process and significant events in the client’s lives. The article aims to determine whether self-reflection
My theory will include both directive and non-directive approaches, focusing on building a supportive client-therapist relationship, a full lifestyle assessment and understanding of the client’s belief system, as well as engaging in a strength based, goal-oriented practice which focuses on changing thoughts and choices, through education to the client and building self-regulation within the
In the Social Cognitive Theory reinforcements can be internal factors such as rewarding yourself or they can be external factors. For me my reinforcement came in the form of motivation and support from my friends and the feeling of completion every time I complete a workout class. When I dedicated to join group fitness classes I was fortunate enough to convince a few of my friends to join also and together we have become each other support system. They push me to attend classes and the reinforcement of the feeling of total completion after any given class further motivates and pushes me to continue my positive growth. For any change to be successful we must always push ourselves because when you make a life-style change such as become more physically active and joining group-based fitness we must always continue to work and create new goals because we are always changing and progressing in
A of his current state of health and lifestyle behaviours (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise, 2004). For example, the model explores 6 behavioural stages; pre-contemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance and termination. These stages focus on the individual’s experience, behavioural changes and processes as opposed to an event which has determined a behaviour change. Evidently, the transtheoretical model determines that Mr. A is at the pre-contemplation stage (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Due to Mr. A experiencing this stage, he is not planning change to his current lifestyle choices. Although Mr. A is not planning changes in the foreseeable future, the transtheoretical model in conjunction with an education campaign can inform Mr. A about different behavioural stages that he may experience. However, understanding this behaviour change model of health cannot determine why Mr. A’s his current lifestyle and behaviour (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Fortunately, inclusion of maslow’s hierarchy of needs psychology theory (Donovan, Egger, Spark, 2005) used in conjunction with the transtheoretical model of health, can identify barriers that are stopping Mr A from actively using information from health education campaigns to change his behaviour (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise,
Then start to develop goals by finding out what they think is helping and what is not and are they willing to invest the time and effort by using the scaling exercise. The social worker with asks strengths-reinforcing coping questions how, what, and has. The Client is encouraged to define their goals from the start where the social worker may present and alternate perspective are to ask the miracle question. Answers to this question can provide indicators of change to be used. “All task are interventions are intended to encourage the client to think and behave differently with regard to the presenting problem than has been typical in the past (Walsh, 2013).” The formal first-session is the assignment of observing the good the client would like to continue in their life and maybe get the client thinking about exceptions. Second the surprise task surprising another person connected with the problem in a good way “shake up” in the clients’ routine and influence positive behavior. The ending is worked on from the start of intervention, where progress is monitored at each session that might be the last. Where the focus is on helping clients identify strategies to maintain and continue the momentum of enacting solutions.
I really like that this form of therapy does not focus on problem talk, but instead focuses on solution talk. However, the true focus is all about change and the resources needed to make that change. The emphasis is on the client’s, “unique, subjective perspective or self-constructed narrative, as contrasted with an objective or consensual reality” (Norcross, p. 406). Thi...
The main theory that has largely influenced my clinical work at my current practicum site is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT asserts it is an individual’s thoughts and behaviors that directs the individual, so in this case my job would be to help the my client (individual) to find his or her thought that is driving his or her action(s). CBT is a fine dance; it may seem simple, identify the thought and replace the thought with a healthier thought. CBT is quite contrary to being simple, the techniques and timing is a fine juggling and balance act. To elaborate further, after a client has identified his or her thought that has been driving his or her action, they would need to restructure certain things in the their life that will help implement certain behaviors that will lead to a more healthier cognition.
“Modest goals are seen as the beginning of change”. Clients talking about the exceptions to the problems. No problem is constant and change is inevitable. When clients begin to truly change their views and become more positive about their situation they have engaged in change. Positivity concerning their strengths leads to the more desireable outcome which is a brief series of sessions. Small changes make way for larger changes.
The counselor accomplishes the above by expressing empathy, developing discrepancies, going along with resistance and supporting self-efficacy. Moreover, the counselor guides the client toward a solution that will lead to permanent posi...
The important method has done differently in each clients. With each therapeutic methods he had learned, he has to find a model that fits with the client, and if that method does not work, they do more research and find a method of therapeutic that can help the client overcome his obstacle.
The ultimate intention of motivational interviewing and guided change talk is that it will result in a strong commitment to change for the client. There is a higher likelihood of behavioral changes actually occurring (Hettema, Steele, & Miller, 2005). Data from early research completed by Miller on MI with drinking showed how change talk can predict behavioral changes. Resistance is common in motivational interviewing. The data shows that the more than a clients resists changes and positive change talk, the more likely they are to continue with the behavior that needs to be changed, such as drinking, drug abuse, or criminal offending (Miller & Rose, 2009).
Lutz, R. S., Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2010). Exercise caution when stressed: Stages of change and the stress- exercise participation relationship. Psycology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 560-567.
Most people have an aspiration to get rid of a certain unhealthy behaviour or to employ a new health behaviour that would benefit their wellbeing. Some examples include a wish to stop smoking, eating a balanced diet or getting rid of a sedentary lifestyle. Many psychologists have been trying to find a model that would help people fight these kinds of unwanted health behaviours. One of such is the Transtheoretical model of behavioural change (TTM) which will be the main focus of this essay. Specifically, how one’s sedentary lifestyle can be changed by bringing out a systematic exercising routine using TTM.
The psychologist B. F Skinner believed that “changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment” (All About Operant Conditioning, 2006, Para 2). The following paper will discuss a learning situation in which an exercise routine is thought. The paper will evaluate the application of instrumental conditioning to this learning situation. As part of the analysis the learning situation will be described, the paper will compare and contrast the concepts of positive and negative reinforcement as related to learning situation, and explain the role of reward and punishment in learning an exercise routine. Finally, the paper will explain which form of instrumental conditioning would be most effective in teaching someone an exercise routine. Instrumental conditioning is the learning procedure that believes that “the organism must act in a certain way before it is reinforced; that is, reinforcement is contingent on the organism’s behavior” (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2005, pg 23). The major contributors of Instrumental conditioning are B.F Skinner, John Watson, and Edward Thorndike. These three theorists believed that “learning is the result of the application of consequences; that is, learners begin to connect certain responses with certain stimuli” (Huitt & Hummel, 1997, Para 1). In society the behaviors individuals manifest are learned behaviors which are learned through some form of conditioning.