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differential diagnosis of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech
differential diagnosis of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech
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Apraxia of Speech
Apraxia of speech is a well-known disease among children around the entire world. There are many stories out there about children having apraxia of speech as well as overcoming it. A story about a girl named Big Sister inspired me and made me want to know more about apraxia. According to “This Simple Home” a young girl with the name of Big Sister showed early signs of apraxia but nobody wanted to believe it. She was always such a happy baby but she didn’t babble or have any sounds. She had no throaty signs, the only sound was mmm-mmm while she was eating, which didn’t start until the age of five. She did laugh and giggle and cry though. They began teaching her sign language so that she could communicate around the age of two and people around them thought that they were crazy for doing so. Around the age of fifteen months their pediatrician encouraged them to go get a hearing evaluation as well as a speech evaluation. From there they started therapy. She had a Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) and by her second birthday she was having a couple word approximations. Then from there she began to improve. (Annette, 2012)
According to “The Mayo Clinic” childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is an uncommon speech disorder in which a child has difficulty making accurate movements when speaking. Childhood apraxia of speech is just a label for a speech disorder. In order for a child to speak correctly, the brain has to learn how to make plans that tell the speech muscles how to move the lips and jaw and tongue for those sounds and word to be able to come out and be accurate. When a child has childhood apraxia of speech the brain struggles to develop those movements. The muscles are not weak, they just do not perfor...
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...tp://www.thissimplehome.com/2012/08/my-daughters-story-overcoming-verbal.html
Better Health Channel. (2014, February 17). Childhood apraxia of speech. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from Better Health Channel: http://betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Childhood_apraxia_of_speech
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, January 1). Childhood apraxia of speech. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from diseases and conditions: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/basics/definition/con-20031147
NIDCD. (2002, January 1). Apraxia of Speech. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from NIDCD: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/apraxia.aspx
Wisconsin, M. C. (2013, October 25). Next-gen sequencing identifies genes associated with speech disorder. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from Science Daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131025113918.htm
Through her incredible journey, Carly Fleischmann struggled to live a normal life after learning that she has been diagnosed with Autism and Oral Motor Apraxia. Autism is a severe developmental disorder that appears in the first three months after birth. Common features include persistent deficits in communication and social interactions, along with repetitive pattern behaviors or activities. Oral Motor Apraxia is a motor speech disorder with varying symptoms that depend on the age of the individual, and their severity. In Carly’s case, at ten years old she had shown continued delays in language and began to use a communication device called DynaWrite. This device enabled Carly to express her opinions and thoughts through a keyboard since she was unable to speak.
From the time Caroline began preschool she had a severe speech sound disorder. She had a lisp along with difficulty producing what she referred to as harsh sounds, such as the sound /r/. The lisp caused difficulty in producing /th/ which was produced in the form of /s/. The sounds that gave her the most trouble were the lingua-dental. There was extreme difficulty in the articulation of her tongue to produce the sounds, and in order to compensate for not being able to say the words properly she began to omit the sounds she could not produce. Her speech language pathologist explained to her that she had a lazy tongue. It was described to her that she did not know how to properly move her tongue in the specific ways to produce the specific sounds. When Caroline was asked what she thought had caused her speech disorder, she thought it was because she had a delay in her verbal abilities and poor mouth structure as her mouth was narrow, and teeth were very crooked. However, the underlying cause was not known.
William, L. (2008, July 14). SPACS: Systemic Phonological Analysis of Child Speech. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from Phonological Disorders: http://phonologicaldisorders.wordpress.com/tag/lynn-williams/
As most people know speech and language issues would only happen with children just learning to talk and tennagers in middle school to high school. The reasoning behind this is because most people don’t correct their children’s speech when they are first learning due to the fact that the parents or grandparents think it is to cute to correct, which only hurts the children more th...
A speech and langue delay may become evident to caregivers when a child is not reaching the normal milestones for age appropriateness. Children may not be speaking or understanding what may be considered the average for their age groups. A speech delay is defined that a child’s rate of speech is developed at a slower rate than the norm e...
I became inspired to become a speech-language pathologist when I first watched the film, Paulie. This film depicted a small girl, named Marie that had a speech impediment, which caused her to stutter. In order to improve Marie’s speech her mother would pronounce certain sounds and practice daily with her. While watching this film I began to realize that there is a number of individuals in our population that have different speech impairments. As I noticed how the character of Marie struggled with her speech impairment I sought to research the different treatments for individuals similar to Marie, and came across speech therapy and speech-language pathologists. I have always been fascinated by language and how it is essential in communication. I view speech-language pathologists as having a major role in helping
Speech is the sound that comes out of our mouth and language is a measure of intelligence. When a person has a problem with either it is called a language disorder. These disorders can be caused by a range of things. Hearing could be an issue if the child has delayed speech or language. Intellectual disability is a common cause of language disorders. Abuse or neglect and not hearing others speak will lead to that child not speaking. Prematurity can cause a number of speech and language delays. Auditory processing disorder is when children have trouble decoding sounds. Cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and traumatic brain injury can affect the muscles needed for speaking. Autism directly affects communication. These are some of the causes of language and speech problems. These problems can be cured. There are ways to monitor children and ensure that they are on track with their language level. From birth to the age of five kids should go through various stages in learning how to talk. At the age of twelve months toddlers should be saying one to two words and recognizing sounds. Usually the first signs of a language deficiency aren’t found until the ages of three to eight. At that time a speech therapist should be contacted to assist in the curing process. The earlier the problem is identified the better the chances of curing it are. If not ...
Stothard, M., Snowling, M., Bishop, D., Chipchase, B., & Kaplan, C. (1998). Language-impaired preschoolers: a follow-up into adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 407-418.
Her phonetic inventory is well developed. She has no troubles creating the age-appropriate speech sounds. The child is just above normal because she can produce more adult-like sounds than her peers. She has control over her articulators and she knows how to manipulate her oral cavity to produce the correct sounds.
CAS is a very specific disorder with a very specific profile, and is thus different from “typical” speech sound disorders. The hypothesis of CAS in ASD (the CAS-ASD hypothesis) is that “CAS contributes to the inappropriate speech, prosody, and/or voice features reported in some children and adults with verbal ASD” (Shriberg et al., 2011, p. 405). For this to be true, the speech, prosody, and voice findings in children with ASD must not only be unusual or disordered, but they must also fit into the particular profile of CAS.
"Speech and Language." UW Departments Web Server. Center on Human Development and Disability at University of Washington. Web. 01 May 2014.
Speech Language Pathology helps solve or improve situations with language and speech. Some of the things that works are: articulation, fluency, and oral motor disorders. In the articulation disorders we can found: the difficulties in producing sound and the correct pronunciation of words. In the other hand the fluency and the oral motor disorders we found di...
"Speech Development." Cleft Palate Foundation. Cleft Palate Foundation, 25 Oct 2007. Web. 10 Mar 2014.
There comes a time in our life when we know what we want to say, but it does not come out the way we thought it would. Such as being worried about reading out loud in class, going up to an employee in a fast food restaurant to order a simple meal, or making a presentation in class can be terrifying for most individuals with an articulation disorder. An articulation disorder consist of having difficulties producing sounds, substituting sounds, leaving out letters in a word, or adding or changing letters in a word. In most cases when individuals have trouble articulating words he/she might have problems with the main articulators which include: the jaw, lips, teeth, tongue, velum, alveolar ridge, and hard/soft palate. These articulators play
Ongoing research has tried to pinpoint exact reasons as to why there is speech impairment for those with aphasia and other language disorders. Most theories suggest genetic and environmental implications. Is the speech disability some sort of defect from within the brain, or does the disability develop as a result of influence from your surroundings and lack of nurture from others?