Caffeine is a stimulant that most people are familiar with. Most typically we connect it with coffee and sodas, but it is also found in certain foods, such as chocolate. The amount of caffeine will vary within coffee brands and in different chocolate bars, but through analytical methods we can determine an amount in each. We can then compare the results to find whether there is more caffeine in chocolate or in coffee. For this experiment I will give a brief overview of caffeine, theobromine, coffee and chocolate. Through analytical methods, I will show that there is more caffeine present in a single serving of coffee than in a chocolate bar.
Caffeine is the common name for the chemical compound trimethylxanthine and is produced by many different plants, including coffee beans and cacao beans. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, heart rate, respiration, has mood altering properties, and acts as a mild diuretic (About.com). Theobromine is a chemical compound belonging to a class of alkaloid molecules known as methylxanthines. Methylxanthines naturally occur in caffeine. Theobromine affects people similarly to caffeine, but on a much smaller scale. Theobromine is a mild stimulant and a mild diuretic. (About.com).
In order to analyze coffee and chocolate, we'll need to separate the components to be studied, known as the the analytes. Both coffee and chocolate are complex mixtures with the analytes being caffeine and theobromine. The first step in the analytical process is sample preparation. Sampling is the process of selecting a representative amount from the initial product. Sample preparation converts that sample into a homogenous laboratory sample. A homogeneous sample has the same composition throughout. A hetero...
... middle of paper ...
...s recorded. The procedure was repeated again for the same contorted sample and continued until we had recorded three chromatograms. We repeated the steps for each of the remaining standard samples, going from the most concentrated to the least concentrated, rinsing the syringe out a few times with the methanol/water mixture when changing to a caffeine sample of different concentration. Three chromatograms were recorded of each standard (ChemWiki). From the resulting chromatograms, measurements of retention time and peak areas were made. We used the area of all standard peaks to produce a calibration curve. Then using the calibration curve, we could determine the concentration of caffeine in each of the diluted samples. After determining the concentration of caffeine in the diluted samples, we could calculate the concentration of caffeine in the original sample.
Put 1mL of 0.1M cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate dissolved in 95% ethanol into a test tube. Then add 1mL of deionized water. Tap the end of the test tube to mix the solution and record the pertinent data in section 2 of the Data Table. Discard the solution in the appropriate container as directed to you by your lab instructor.
The experiment was conducted in three parts: Part A of the experiment consisted of extracting caffeine from an aqueous solution; Part B consisted of using three different compounds: benzoic acid, succinic acid, and sodium benzoate; and the last part of the experiment consisted of using a solid neutral compound with an acid or base impurity.
A random error is caused by any factor which randomly affects the amount of scatter in the data. An increase in sample size allows averages to be calculated which reduces the effects of these random errors. By removing outliers in the data, the effect of random errors can be further minimised. A large amount of scatter in results indicated low precision and a large number of random errors. Some possible random errors in this experiment may have arisen when measuring the 12mL of milk solution for each test tube; some may have had slightly more and others slightly less than 12mL. Another random error could have occurred when adding 4 drops of methylene blue, some drops may have contained more liquid than others, meaning some test tubes may have contained less methylene blue indicator than
Caffeine is medically known as trimethylzanthine. Caffeine acts as a cardiac stimulant which means that it increases heart rate.
For many years, the mechanism of caffeine was not yet clear. However, it was thought that the mechanism involves the re...
Does one drink caffeine? Caffeine is everywhere, it's in everything, it's apart of our daily lives. That’s what people doesn’t realizes; every soda drink, every cup of coffee, and every energy drink he or she gulps down before a thrilling game, all of that is caffeine. Caffeine is only completed when he or she get addicted. Caffeine can be an exceptional threat to the human body; energy drinks for example, it has enough caffeine to kill someone if he or she drinks enough. Energy drinks has been the number one drink high school students drink to stay awake in school; they even bring the drink in classrooms, and more than one energy drink. Soda has enough caffeine to destroy ones inner body. Soda is a everyday drink for some individuals, they
Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are people who view caffeine as a helpful stimulant that increases the individual’s concentration and awareness as well as many other physical traits. The important thing to remember is that caffeine’s affects vary based on the person, the amount ingested, the frequency of consumption, and individual metabolism. (http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/kopykit/caffeine.html)
...a medicine. It also highly addictive and there is a chance for the treatment to be abused and hinder treatment for narcotic addiction by swapping one addition for another. There are also many other treatments in other sources published around the same time that offer different alternatives and may be slightly more effective than the use of coffee or caffeine.
Caffeine is the most popular and most widely used stimulant in the world. In Canada, the average person drinks 2.6 cups of coffee a day; that is equivalent to 949 cups of coffee a year. (Van Houtte) Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that improves ones attention, focus, and fatigue. When caffeine is ingested it causes your neurons to move at a faster rate, increasing alertness. (Fit Day) Caffeine also binds to the neural receptors, which blocks the adenosine, which prolongs tiredness. Caffeine is a white odorless powder that is most commonly found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and pops. Caffeine can also be considered and ergogenic aid. Ergogenic aids are external influences that enhance/ improves ones strength, endurance, reaction time and speed of recovery. (Healthline) The three theories that make caffeine an ergogenic aid during exercise is the effect it has on the central nervous system, skeletal muscles, and metabolic changes. (Sheila G. Dean) Caffeine also has a positive effect on an individual’s health, some positive effects include: reduces risk of developing liver cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s. (Chawala) Caffeine has been proven to have positive effects on an athlete’s performance, and ones overall health.
Caffeine is a very interesting chemical. Caffeine is found in many places including coffee plant, tea leaves, kola nuts and cocoa (1). Humans then process these plants into food stuff that contains caffeine such as tea, coffee and chocolate. Caffeine is composed of 14 atoms with a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2. It is one of the few central nervous system stimulants still legal in most countries (2). The chemical name for caffeine is 1-methyltheobromine (2).
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is an analytical technique which separates a complex mixture of components into its specific individual components. It is a powerful tool in analysis, as it combines high speed with extreme sensitivity compared to traditional methods of chromatography because of the use of a pump which creates a high pressure and forces the mobile phase to move with the analyte in high speed. It is been used as a principle technology in various automated analyzers used for diagnostic purpose.
Caffeine is the single most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the United States (Einöther & Giesbrecht, 2013). According to Einöther and Giesbrecht (2013), 80% of the world’s population consumes caffeinated products every day, with coffee and tea being the primary sources. In the recent years, the demand for
The amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee from 100-120mg, per 6-oz cup. and a cup of regular tea 50-80mg, per 6-oz and a cup of green tea 35mg, per 6-oz cup and a bottle of cola 64 mg, and a piece of chocolate weighing 50 grams 50 mg, even headache medications contain caffeine and some contain from 30 to 65 mg per tablet. When we consume coffee, light or mixed with milk or the most we mix with something the least amount of caffeine, and less the amount of beverage made of cola and energy we use the less caffeine ends up in our bodies; therefore we must not exceed the consumption of caffeine beverages more than 2 cups daily (1Stephen 34-35).
Preview: The potential effects are related to the main ingredient in coffee – caffeine. Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system that increases alertness and energy, but it is also very addictive.
Caffeine (also known as Guaranine) is a plant-based alkaloid that operates as an insecticide when found in plants and a stimulant when ingested by humans. It is most commonly found in coco, tea, and coffee plants. The caffeine works as a built-in pesticide in these plants by over-exciting insects to the point of extinction. Medically caffeine is known as trimethylxanthine . It is a white powder with an intense bitter taste that when consumed by humans, it is recognized as a psychoactive drug. These drugs work on the body’s central nervous system to affect brain functions such as consciousness...