Graphene is a two dimensional structure that is formed into a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure is composed of carbon atoms that form the pattern of hexagons. These structures can form several other structures, which include cylinders, pentagons, and layers of graphene, which still have the same physical properties. The properties of the honeycomb structure allow the graphene to show the electronic properties it has. Since, the two dimensional structure is a flexible structure the properties of the honeycomb are shown. Not only are the honeycomb structures shown, but also since graphene is seen as clear structure when it observes a visible light. The clear materials of graphene shows how objects can be placed over it show how stiff the graphene is.
Graphene is not only stiff it is also a strong material that is thinner than paper. Graphene measures about 1 atom layer thick. The thickness of the graphene can only be seen under a microscope. Since, the atom layer is so thin when scientists look for graphene in materials such as tape its hard to find the graphene. The graphene in the materials is usually oscillated into different pieces. Within those pieces the layers of graphene can cover up huge objects such as an airplane or perhaps a football field.
Although graphene is a two-dimensional structure it still exits in a 3D space. When, looking at the atoms of the atoms the graphene oscillates to form flexural nodes. A flexural mode consists of two out of plane phonons, where each photon is either optical or acoustic. When viewing, the acoustic flexural mode it shows the representation of a membrane that is one atom thick that is in free particle motion. The optical flexural mode is a phase, which demonstrates t...
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To start with, the first separation technique we performed on the heterogeneous mixture was filtration. According to our observations of the residue, we believed graphite was one of the substances in the mixture. Graphite, a known ingredient used in pencils, is black or dark grey in color, like the dark spots on the filter paper (Figure 1B), and has the ability to leave marks on paper and other objects. Of the potential components given to us, only graphite possessed the ability to make a mark on other surfaces. This was supported by the smudges left behind on our finger and filter paper (Figure 1A, bottom filter paper) when we touched the residue.
In this story it clearly shows us what the courts really mean by freedom, equality, liberty, property and equal protection of the laws. The story traces the legal challenges that affected African Americans freedom. To justify slavery as the “the way things were” still begs to define what lied beneath slave owner’s abilities to look past the wounded eyes and beating hearts of the African Americans that were so brutally possessed.
In his influential autobiography, Frederick Douglass helps pave the way for the early abolitionist movement using his own life story to bring forth the evils of slavery. He illustrates the hardships of slavery during antebellum America, focusing not only on the historical and economic issues of slavery, but mainly on the innate morality of human beings. Although many readers during this period were skeptic of the works authenticity, it brought the proper awareness to an issue in which corrupted America for many years. Frederick Douglass’s account against slavery exploits the brutal nature of slavery in way that shocked those who had looked past its harsh nature. By putting the reader in first perspective on the everyday life of a child born into slavery, he successfully uses the transitions of his life to open the people’s eyes to the crime that is slavery.
The reader is first introduced to the idea of Douglass’s formation of identity outside the constraints of slavery before he or she even begins reading the narrative. By viewing the title page and reading the words “The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, written by himself” the reader sees the advancement Douglass made from a dependent slave to an independent author (Stone 134). As a slave, he was forbidden a voice with which he might speak out against slavery. Furthermore, the traditional roles of slavery would have had him uneducated—unable to read and incapable of writing. However, by examining the full meaning of the title page, the reader is introduced to Douglass’s refusal to adhere to the slave role of uneducated and voiceless. Thus, even before reading the work, the reader knows that Douglass will show “how a slave was made a man” through “speaking out—the symbolic act of self-definition” (Stone 135).
In her book, The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander put the reader in the middle of a fierce debate about racial oppression in the current United States. Through her explosive style of writing, she depicts a view of the United States incarceration system both objectively and through the eyes of regular people who she argues are beset by the system. Alexander’s dramatic use of language and rhetorical appeals displays to the reader what the prison system is like to the African-American population in the United States. On pages 140 and 141 in The New Jim Crow Alexander displays both of her writing techniques that draw the reader into argument.
Alexander first sets up her argument through her epigraph, quoting Frederick Douglass’s statement at the National Colored Convention in 1853. The convention discussed the conditions and status of the “coloreds” and “decried the stigma of race” that the society gave to them (140). The epigraph not only adds to The New Jim Crow’s ethos as a renowned source supporting the writer’s credibility, but also transfers the persuasiveness and sympathy of Douglass’s words to the writer’s work. It evokes the audience’s feelings, driving them back
Douglass mentions countless instances where slaves were murdered in cold blood, or beaten nearly to death with the white perpetrators never being punished. This indifference tinged with contempt for slaves’ lives is summed up with the phrase, it’s “Worth a half cent to kill a N—, and “half-cent to bury one” (Douglass 15). All of these pieces of evidence help to destroy in the reader’s mind the idea that slavery is a benevolent system for the slaves. The imagery catches the readers eye, makes them see it in their mind. It brings the horror of slavery out in gory detail as they read it. The pure visceral images of a woman being beaten among her crying children, a mother and son torn apart, of guiltless flesh being beaten for a sadistic mans pleasure, of an old woman left to die alone, all add to the power of the argument. The diction builds the imagery, packs it with meaning, makes it unforgettable and haunting. The specific examples pile on each other, as a wave of facts, a tidal wave of un-deniability; it crashes on the reader’s head with a tangible force, making them rethink things they believed to be true, to be self-evident, to be righteous. All of these literary devices and more work together in Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass to shatter the belief that slavery is beneficial for the slave, that it is in any way is kind, gentle, or
Many African-Americans went through the tragic hardships of slavery, but not many were able to live through to tell their stories. In the book, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, written by himself, the concept of defeating slavery is applied. Douglass was a slave who had the opportunity to educate himself and later free himself from the mistreatment. He was able to then tell his story of what he had been through to hopefully promote change. Douglass writes this narrative to not only make a difference, but to inform the readers of the corruption slavery can cause, by using rhetorical appeals such as ethos, logos, and pathos.
Alexander believes that the manuscript she wrote will receive distrust, particularly about the expression. The equity for the criminal framework is the door to the more critical system of disparagement and minimization. Americans experience severe difficulties discussing discrimination and the black lives and accept that inability to climb implies that one's character is imperfect. The significant portion of neglected nonwhite Americans can’t trust that the decision of the former president and the overturn of policies of other regions concerning required essentials imply that the standing is blurring without end. Not genuine, Alexander expresses; the fundamental design of the New Jim Crow is still set up because the individuals who are captured and marked hoodlums are again consigned to a lower level
Analysis of “The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass”: Written by Aaron Wright and Nichole Smith
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. Yet, while Douglas’s narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. Aside from all the physical burdens of slavery that he faced on a daily basis, it was the psychological effects that caused him the greatest amount of detriment during his twenty-year enslavement. In the same regard, Douglass is able to profess that it was not only the slaves who incurred the damaging effects of slavery, but also the slaveholders. Slavery, in essence, is a destructive force that collectively corrupts the minds of slaveholders and weakens slaves’ intellects.
American Institute of Physics. Vol. 1051 Issue 1 (2008). Academic Search Premier.> 224. http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34874307&site=ehost-live.
Diamond is made up of carbon. Another form of pure carbon is graphite. Graphite is the stable form of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Despite the fact that they have identical chemical composition, the two minerals are drastically different. Diamond is the hardest known substance and is usually light colored and transparent, while graphite is greasy, easily powdered, and very dark in color. Diamond is the hardest gem on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the softest. Diamond is very hard because of its dense packing and interlocking atomic arrangement. Graphite, on the other hand, although it is the same element, is more loosely packed and has a six-sided, layered configuration, which makes it soft (Pough, 1991). The differences between graphite and diamonds are accounted for by the conditions in which they are created.
American Chemical Society. "Carbon nanotubes twice as strong as once thought." ScienceDaily, 16 Sep. 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.
Ionic compounds, when in the solid state, can be described as ionic lattices whose shapes are dictated by the need to place oppositely charged ions close to each other and similarly charged ions as far apart as possible. Though there is some structural diversity in ionic compounds, covalent compounds present us with a world of structural possibilities. From simple linear molecules like H2 to complex chains of atoms like butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3), covalent molecules can take on many shapes. To help decide which shape a polyatomic molecule might prefer we will use Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR). VSEPR states that electrons like to stay as far away from one another as possible to provide the lowest energy (i.e. most stable) structure for any bonding arrangement. In this way, VSEPR is a powerful tool for predicting the geometries of covalent molecules.