China, Japan and Korea have lots of similarities; such as they start economic development and growth within a short period of time, which is 1960s of Japan, Korea in1970s and China had economic reform since 1978. They have successfully controlled their population growth which population transition from high birth rate to low birth rates in a short period of time. Population aging is one of the social issues which they are facing. This essay will examine their differences and the impact or significant toward their neighbouring countries.
Level of aging population
People who are above 65 year old in China, Japan and Korea in the proportion of their country’ total population is 8.87%, 23.1% and 11.3% respectively in 2010. The aging rate in 2000 is 6.96 %, 17.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Compare with the record in 2000 and 2010, there are increases of 1.91, 5.8 and 4 percentage points. The growth of aging rate of Japan and South Korea is far beyond China which more than the twice of China’s. However, in terms of aging speed, Korea is ageing faster than Japan and China. It can be seen that time required in doubling the proportion of elderly population from 7% to 14% of China and Japanese were 25 years and 24 years respectively, while 17 years in Korea. Japan was the first country among China, Japan and Korea in facing aging problem when they were in 1970s but China and South Korea almost simultaneously entered an aging society in 2000s. Situation in Japan is quite serious as it caused labor shortage; the government has encouraged elderly continue to work until 70 years old. Also, aging population in China has China characteristics which it is more serious in the eastern part.
Life expectancy of elderly
There is a large gap of a...
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Japan is facing a de-population crisis. Birth rates have be dropping since the economic boom of the 1970s, and the drop in birth rates is accelerating. Actual population is now around 127 million, but at current rates of decline is expected to drop to 100 million by the middle of this century, and by the start of the next century, to around 40-50 million people. In addition, Japan has the longest life-expectancy in the world, and its “pensioners” are growing as the workers who support them in their later years are declining rapidly. Sixty years ago, there were about eleven workers to support each pensioner; today there are only two. Japan’s current debt load is higher than Greece’s debt, and that could ultimately result in major economic issues. Sakanaka Hidenori, in his Immigration Battle Diary, urges Japan to consider the options available to address the population issue and its economic repercussions. He argues that they can either stay the course and prepare for the changes this will cause, or change immigration policy and prepare for the cultural ramifications of that decision.
In the 1950s the People’s Republic of China first implemented the beginnings of the one child policy. It made significant changes to the population and the nation’s growth rate decreased. Professor Yinchu Ma (1957) initiated the policy with his book New Population Theory. His book responded to the huge increase in population growth occurring in China (Singer 1998). Under the Mao republic, leaders saw the population development as a danger to the nation’s economy (White 1994). The political party promoted childbirth in the 1950s and 1960s according to the slogan “one is a good few, two is just enough, and three is over” (White 1994). However these efforts were not successful and there were 250 million additional people in the 1970s. More steps were taken to encourage population control. These steps included focusing on contraceptive and abortion services in the countryside and encouraging later marriages. In 1982 the Chinese population was over one billion and the growth rate made China’s modernization goals more difficult.
An aging population is indeed a problem for the society and will possibly cause many social and economic difficulties in the future. According to David Foot (2003), professor of Economics at University of Toronto, an effective birth rate of 2.2% against current 1.75% will be necessary to replace the current work force in the near future and the government’s policy of bringing in more immigrants will eventually fail (Foot, 2003, 2). However some people predict that the increased size of an aging population will drive growth in the home, health care, and many other industries resulting in job creation and economic growth (Marketwire, 2013, 1). Majority of the people are of the opinion that the issue will be mainly in the health care and economic activity. As humans age, they start to develop health problems, leading to more visits to a medical clinic putting extra burden on health care system.
Aging Trends. Older women outnumber older men at 24.3 million older women to 18.8 million older men (Administration on Aging, 2010). Obviously each generation of elderly individuals benefits from the educational benefits and medical advances accrued during their lifetime (Smart. 2012). In the year 2000, individuals who were age 65 and older represented 12.4% of the U.S. population; this same segment will be 19% of the population by 2030 (Administration on Aging, 2010).
Life expectancy in many parts of the world has increased since 1800 (Life Expectancy by Age, n.d). To understand these changes we can study the demographic transition, the changes in birth and death rates over extended periods of time. The industrial revolution has significantly improved the conditions of humans and in 20th century death rates declined but the birth rates remained unchanged. In many of today’s developed countries both rates have declined; however, in developing countries, while death rates have declined due the improvements of living conditions, the birth rates are still high which has caused a record high population growth (HAUB & GRIBBLE, 2011).
One of the most important concerns that not only the certain region or country but the whole globe is facing with is the societal aging. Societal aging refers to the “social and demographic process that result in the aging of a population” Aging of the population would impact different aspect of social life. For instance, as the baby boomers aging, the evolvement of those generation in different community would increase. Also, the expectation of better healthcare and ethical issues around the aged people has grown (Morgan & Kunkle 2016: 6).
In elderly population most of the research carried out so far emphasizes on the functional problems and diseases. When it comes to successful aging elderly (SEA), it has been recommended that health status should be used to distinguish between elderly subgroups populace and disease-free people possible describe successful aging elderly (SAE).
The existing U.S. population is over 315 million and rising. In the year 2030, 72 million Americans will be 65 or older, a 50 percent change in age demographics since the year 2000. The change is primarily due to the aging baby boomers, who were born at the end of World War II. Americans are living longer than ever befo...
In the Philippines, the ages to be considered a senior citizen are those who are aged 60 years old and over. The senior citizens made up 6.8 percent of the 92.1 million household populations in 2010, higher than the 6.0 percent recorded in 2000 and the number reached over six million in 2011 and it is seen to double in 16 years. The number of people 60 years old and above, or those considered as senior citizens, has increased, as the country's household population increases. With the growing number of senior citizens, there is a generalized notion associated with senior citizens such as degeneration and decline of health and well being but on the contrary, most of them are still active and productive, performing significant roles at home and
According to Global Road Warrior, Japan's population as of July 2013 is at 127,253,075 people, with an over-whelming majority of the public being elderly. "The Report says that two out of five Japanese will be over the age of sixty five by 2060" (PressTvGlobalNews). This sort of issue has yet to happen in all of history, so what is the cause of this crisis? It is becoming wildly believed that the media, influence and life style changes are having a great impact on this population decline.
In order to solve the overpopulation issue, the government should pay great attention to it. Some policies, such as “ One China policy”, have already been made in China. They have already paid off. For instance, in 1994, the natural growth rate was 11.21‰, but in 1999 it was only 8.77‰ (SFPCC statics). However, China still has a long way to go in this aspect, for the overpopulation is still serious now, just like what have been mentioned in the previous paragraphs.
Thesis statement : Since the population has grown rapidly in the past fifty (5) years, how did the Chinese government deal with the population explosion in the past and how will they deal with it in the future? Though China is the world's fifth-largest country in terms of area and the second largest country in Asia, it is the most populous country in the world. There is over one billion Chinese people, which is 19 percent of the world's population, and the population still keeps growing. From 2000 to 2010, Chinese population growth was about 6.2% and if we compared the population from 1960 with 2010, the population had grown more than 100%.
Japan needs to have more babies. The population of Japan is declining, and the birth rate is a base problem. People just aren’t having enough babies anymore. This will be problematic, as Tomm says “The consequences have had negative effects as fertility rate continues to decline and life expectancy continues to increase”. After the birth rate has been declining for the past four decades, the old far outnumber the young at a ratio of nearly 2:1(“Japan Age structure”). There aren’t enough workers to pay into social security. Social problems like traditional gender roles and stereotypes negatively impact the growth of the population. Because of their work-centric lifestyles, social problems, and child related expenses, Japan’s birth rate is severely declining.
According to the researcher, different group of age has different resulted on the retirement age and among age 21 until 34 showed that 32 percent were agree on this retirement age, age group 35-54 were resulted in highest resulted which is 64 percent were agree on this new retirement age and the group of age above 55 were resulted in small percentage of agree which is only 4 percent. (Lai Cheng Tung, Jean Dennis Comeau. 2012). This study found that the different type of age group were resulted in different opinion about the new retirement age seen that at the middle age were have the most agree of percentage and this is due to the awareness on this new retirement age benefits.