He title "illite" allocates to a group of mica-type minerals which is widely distributed in marine shales and related sediments. Illite as the consequence of potassium depletion, has less potassium and has more water molecules than true micas resembling muscovite, but anyhow it has micalike sheet structure, moreover, it possesses interlayer micro pores and is poorly crystallized. Product of muscovite weathering is illite which under humid condition this product alters to montmorillonite. Illite, as an expandable 2:1 clay mineral, is known as source of soil potassium as well accounted as a K bearing minerals (Sharma et al., 2010). The main mineral type of Golestan province locating in north-east of Iran besides Caspian Sea, is illite mineral (Movahedi Naeini and Amini, 2013). This zone is one of the most important agricultural areas in Iran. Golestan district contains Superabundantly Loess soils and is well-known for its loess derived fertile soils. (Khormali and Ajami, 2011). Combination of loess soils characteristics, transitive micro particles possessing high specific surface area that are presents in this zone which are not achievable in XRD-samples and finally high quantity of illite mineral turn this area to a unique and special place from every aspect for varied researches and studies. The measure of measured SSA through these illitic loess soil is usually over 100 m2/gr and quantity of illite external specific surface area is high (Alaedin, 2011). Like the soils containing montmorillonite minerals (Vertisols), this sort of soils (illitic loess soil) face with swelling and shrinkage process frequently, too. But in comparison with the rate of this process for the first type soils, shrinkage and swelling rate in the illitic so...
... middle of paper ...
... Science Society of America Journal 14: 20-23.
Van Olphen, H. 1977. An introduction to clay colloid chemistry (2nd ed.) USA: John Wiley & Sons. p. 318.
Walkey, A., Black, I. A. 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determination soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid in soil analysis. I. Experimental. Soil Science 79: 459-465.
Wild, A. 1988. Russells soil conditions and plant growth (11th ed) London, UK: Wiliams clowes limited, Beccles and colchester. 991. ISBN: 0-582-44677-5. P. 991
Yousefi, M. 2013. Feasibility assessment of using potassium excess as an index of soil potassium availability in Golestan province rain-fed wheat farm units with limited prospect of using ammonium acetate. Msc. Thesis, Soil Science Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. pp: 13-25 (In Persian)
There are a number of examples of works done before the twentieth century in which experiments were conducted. However, Michael Tswett used column liquid chromatography in which the stationary phase was a solid adsorbent packed in a glass column and the mobile phase was a liquid. He conducted experiments on extracts of chlorophyll in gasoline oil over 100 adsorbents. Most of these adsorbents are now no more important. Interestingly, the list of the inclusion of materials such as silica, alumina, carbon, calcium carbonate, magnesia and sucrose are still in use. He also confirmed the identity of the fractions obtained by the spectrophotometry at different wavelengths thus anticipating the most common mode for in liquid chromatography. In 1910 Tswett obtained his Doctrate degree and his doctoral research paper was published as a monogram which once again demonstrated his ideas for further development and improvement. That monogram marked the end of his chromatographic work. This is not surprising, because he was a botanist and chromatography is only a means and not an end. Chromatographic techniques had been ignored until 1930. One of the few exceptions was the work of an American L.S. Palmer, who in 1930 published his work for the description of the separation af plant and other dairy pigments. There are several reasons for the lack of interest in chromatography , for the moment, the main thing is that it
As a result of these factors, the flora has adapted to these conditions in a variety of ways including their shape, leaf type, root system, and color. One of the most prominent adapt...
Holmes, Garnett, Bureau of Plant Industry United States, and Bureau of Chemistry and Soils United States. Soil Survey of The Yuma Area, Arizona-California. N.p.: Govt. print. off., 1905
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
...ively place the suspect or perpetrator behind bars. Analyzing soil compounds can be measured by the levels of organic molecules including n-alkanes, fatty alcohols and fatty acids, which are all found in the waxy outer layer of plant matter (Geddes, 2008). It basically states that compounds can remain in the soil for thousands of years, which explains that each area being tested has its unique organic profile.
Potassium is an essential component for plant growth. Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than most other mineral elements. Potassium is supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and inorganic fertilizer. Potassium is not found in organic combination with plant tissues. Potassium plays an essential role in the metabolic processes of plants. Potassium also is essential in carbohydrate metabolism, a process by which energy is obtained from sugar.
Agriculture increase and misuse is one of the central causes of desertification. Agricultural practices require the use and often the drying up of rivers. While water overuse is fundamental to the creation of drought conditions, the deforestation and soil erosion could be considered far more detrimental. To create agricultural surfaces, land must be cleared of existing vegetation. As roots bond soils and create micro bacterial gums, their loss has significant consequences for the soil strength (1).W...
Under the Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete is the Structural Clay industry which will be the primary focus of the report. Clay consists of the finest-grain particles in sediment, soil, or rock, and a rock or a deposit containing a large component of clay-size material. Clay can be composed of any inorganic materials, such as clay minerals, allophane, quartz, feldspar, zeolites, and iron hydroxides, that possess a sufficiently fine grain size. Along with organic matter, water, and air, clays are one of the four main components of soil. Physical properties of clay include plasticity when wet, the ability to form colloidal suspensions when dispersed in water, and the tendency to clump together (flocculate) and settle out in saline water. Establishments that fall within the Structural Clay Products Industry (SIC code 325) are primarily engaged in using different types of clay and other additives to manufacture brick and structural clay tile, ceramic wall and floor tile, clay firebrick and other heat-resisting products, and clay sewer pipe. The mining of clay used to make structural clay products are not included within SIC code 32.
Hydrometer test is needed as more than 10 % of soil sample passes the 63 µ m sieve (BS 1377-2:1990). It covers the quantitative determination of the particle size distribution in a soil from coarse sand size to clay size. Particles settle under gravity during testing (Head, 1984). The results of hydrometer analysis can be referred to Appendix C1. The calibrations which used in the hydrometer analysis and water viscosity are shown in Appendix C2 and Appendix C3.
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been
As a result of this process, the mine sites "do not develop normal soil structure or support the establishment of a plant cover". Many mine sites have...
Cook, R.J. “Influence of Water Potential of Soils and Plants on Root Disease”. Annual Reviews: A
pH is the measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. Soil acidity or alkalinity is important because it influences how easily plants can take up nutrients from the soil. pH stands for “potenz Hydrogen” where “potenz” meaning “the potential to be”. The degree of activity of hydrogen ions in solution determines the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. Acidic solutions have a high concentration of hydrogen ions; alkaline solutions have a low concentration.
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good
When studying plant nutrition, it is important to analyze the sources of the nutrition. Plants absorb their nutrients using their roots in the soil, however soil is not a uniform nutritive source. The plant’s wellbeing depends greatly on the quality, composition, and thickness of the soil. To help categorize such a broad topic, scientists have implemented a naming scheme for the different levels of soil. The first layer is closest to ...