The Age of Enlightenment was the period of scientific Awakening; The Age of Enlightenment was mainly around France. The starting point of the Enlightenment was John Locke’s book on Human understanding. The enlightenment attacked the church head on focusing on issues that had been avoided in the past. This took courage to try to defy the church. The Enlightenment let people question anything such as “was the earth the center of the universe” like the church said it was.
There were 4 main areas which changed occurred was in Religion, Intellectual, Economic, and political.
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution is considered part of Europe “Age of Discovery” Christopher Columbus discovered new plants, animals, and even new humans. Ocean travel required large amounts of intense observation and mappings of the sky’s and the stars. Because of that the Scientific Revolution began with the field of Astronomy. As Science advanced false facts were obliterated. Scientist such as Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus their discoveries were easily understood and led to even more ground breaking discoveries.
The Scientific Revolution began in Europe in 1543 and ended in 1600. In this period the middle traded their previous thoughts that involved supernatural activity and began to focus on making money and achieving fame. In the renascence the scientists turned away from sociological and supernatural ideas and started thinking and choose to analyze life and nature in their physical and mechanical principles.
Sir Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was born 1642 prematurely on charismas day in woolsthrope a town near Grantham in Lincolnshire. Isaac had no father and small enough to fit into a crock pot. His mother Hanna placed him with his grand mother in order to remarry and raise a second family with her new husband. Hanna returned in 1653 after the death of her second husband. Newton was denied affection from his mother because of his complex personality. Newton’s childhood was far from happy and throughout his life had emotional collapses and occasionally falling into violent attacks on his friend and his enemies.
In 1653 he was taken out of school and made to fulfill his birthright as a farmer. It didn’t work. In June 1661 he left woolsthrope and left for Cambridge University. Newton had a bad start at Cambridge he was one of the poorest students in his grammar classes. In 1661 he entered trinity college by 1665 he was writing “Fluxions” and the law of Gravitation.
A time period known as The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment was when philosophy, politics, science and social communications changed drastically. It helped shape the ideas of capitalism and democracy, which is the world we live in today. People joined together to discuss areas of high intellect and creative thoughts. The Enlightenment was a time period in which people discussed new ideas, and educated people, known as philosophers, all had a central idea of freedom of choice and the natural right of individuals. These philosophers include John Locke, Voltaire, Adam Smith, and Mary Wollstonecraft.
The scientific revolution can be considered one of the biggest turning points in European history. Because of new scientific ideas and theories, a new dawn of thinking and questioning of natural elements had evolved. Scientific revolution thinkers such as Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus all saw nature as unknowable and wanted to separate myths from reality. During the scientific revolution during mid 1500-late 1600s, key figures such as Isaac Newton and Nicolaus Copernicus greatly impacted Europe in terms of astronomical discoveries, scientific methods, and the questioning of God to challenge the church’s teachings.
The scientific revolution was what introduced the way we think based on experimentation, observation and how we apply reasoning to the things we do scientifically. During the scientific revooution this way of thinking brought forward new kinds of thinkers otherwise know as enlgihtentment thinkers. These enlightenment thinkers brought there ideas forward, which helped lead the strive for there independence . this is what led to the beginning of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution began around the mid 1700s and went all the way through the mid 1800s theses revolutions did not only stay in one place, this was happening globally in Europe, the americans and through out the latin American colonies. You might ask yourself what did they these revolutions have in common ? they all became infulanced by one another and was infinced by the enlightenment thinkers.
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the 17th and 18th centuries. It concentrated on reason, logic, and freedom over blind faith. During this time more and more people reject absolute authority of the church and state. The driving force of the enlightenment across Europe and England came from a small group of thinkers and writers that are known today as “philosophes.” The English Enlightenment differed from other European countries, like France. England had many discoveries in manufacturing, literature, plays, and landscaping, but the advances in sciences were probably one of the important. This period of time was coined as the Scientific Revolution. The most
Towards the middle of the eighteenth-century people started to think differently. This was known as the Enlightenment. There was a lot of different causes of the enlightenment like Revolutions in science, society and politics and philosophy these different thoughts were the Enlightenment era. There was a lot of Enlightenment figures including Diderot, Voltaire, and Rousseau. These men were influenced by the scientific
Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, 25 December, 1642 based on the Julian Calendar (4 January, 1643, Gregorian Calendar) in Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, three months after the death of his father. He was born premature, and his mother Hannah Ayscough had reportedly said that he was small enough to fit inside a quart mug. Newton’s mother remarried when he was three years old and left him in the care of his grandmother. This incident created much emotional distance between the scientist and his mother, and in addition to that, Newton also confessed to frightening his parents by threatening to burn them and their house. Another sad aspect of Newton’s personal life is that even though he was engaged, he never married.
Lehner (2016) defines enlightenment as the sprawling social, cultural, philosophical and intellectual movement in the 1700s that spread through Germany, France, England and other parts of Europe. The movement was enabled by the scientific revolution that started in 1500. The enlightenment acted as a representation of departure from the Middle Age in Europe. The enlightenment also stressed the importance of reason in investigation and analysis. The movement led to the reappraisal of social institutions and ideas as well as how they could be improved or changed using reason. Enlightenment and scientific revolution opened ways for independent though in various fields such as medicine, philosophy, economics, politics, physics, astronomy, and mathematics. The amount of knowledge during the movement was staggering. The enlightenment movement opened the western countries into self-aware civilization and intelligent. The movement also inspired U.S to create the first great democracy.
The enlightenment was a very influential time period, so as everyone used to believe the church, they began to believe science. As a result, the scientific method was born, in which there was a new way of thinking and learning. It literally changed world history. The Enlightenment, aka the Age of Reason,
The Enlightenment was a period in European culture and thought characterized as the “Age of Reason” and marked by very significant revolutions in the fields of philosophy, science, politics, and society (Bristow; The Age of Enlightenment). Roughly covering the mid 17th century throughout the 18th century, the period was actually fueled by an intellectual movement of the same name to which many thinkers subscribed to during the 1700s and 1800s. The Enlightenment's influences on Western society, as reflected in the arts, were in accordance with its major themes of rationalism, empiricism, natural rights and natural law or their implications of freedom and social justice. The Enlightenment began or could be said to have been propelled by the scientific revolution of the earlier centuries, particularly the Newtonian universe, as modernizing science gradually undermined the ancient Western geocentric idea of the universe as well as accompanying set of presuppositions that had been constraining and influencing philosophical inquiry (Bristow; Lewis; Mattey).
As Europe began to move out of the Renaissance, it brought with it many of the beliefs of that era. The continent now carried a questioning spirit and was eager for more to study and learn. Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many discoveries were made in subjects all across the realm of science, but it was the doubting and testing of old traditions and authorities that truly made this time into a revolution. The Scientific Revolution challenged the authority of the past by changing the view of nature from a mysterious entity to a study of mathematics, looking to scientific research instead of the Church, and teaching that there was much knowledge of science left to be discovered.
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great advances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. "The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century."1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the founders of the Scientific Revolution.
The “Age of Enlightenment” also known as the “Age of Reason” took place around Europe between the 17th and 18th century. It was a movement that took place to emphasize the use of reason and science in the world. In addition, it was to enlighten or shed light upon the use of factual reasoning and promote the use of evidence when doing things. Thinkers and well-known philosophers of the time such as Voltaire, Diderot, D'Alembert, Descartes, Montesquieu and more were beginning to understand and promote reasoning beyond the traditional ways of doing things. The main goal of this movement was to encourage moving past religious beliefs and superstitious prejudices into a world that is more evolved and reason is the basis of all knowledge and authority. During this age, several theories were proven false on the basis of reasoning. The movement encouraged rationality upon the basis of which a reliable system of ethics, aesthetics, and knowledge was formed
In conclusion, the scientific revolution brought dramatic change in the way people lived their lives, and it certainly influenced eighteenth century free-thinking. The scientific method was comprehensively utilized during the eighteenth century to study human behavior and societies. It enabled scientist and scholars alike to exercise their freedom of rationality so they could come to their own conclusions about religion and humanity as a whole. They could finally do so without having to defer to the dictates of established authorities.
The Scientific Revolution occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries. The thinkers of this era excluded authorities and affirmed their abilities to understand and investigate the natural world through mathematical reasoning, direct observation, and controlled experiments. There were advancements in astronomy, chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and mathematics. It replaced the medieval views of the universe, which was a mix of the theories of two ancient Greek thinkers, Aristotle and Ptolemy, and Christian teachings. In this view, it was believed that the world as they knew it was geocentric, that everything revolved around the earth, and that the universe was divided into a lower, earthly realm, and a higher, celestial realm. The alteration, and inevitably, the destruction of this medieval view of the world began with the work of Copernicus, and later on, was followed up by the work of Galileo.
Issac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician , the very skilled scientist of his span. Newton was born on 04 January 1643 in Woolsthrope ,Lincolnshire . His father was a lucrative farmer, who died three months before Newton was born . His mother get married again and Newton was left in the care of his grandparents .