I have in all my undergraduate study been told what to do as student. All the information, tasks and assignment were delivered and dictated by the teachers in charge of the subject or the modules, and as students I had to follow the instruction giving, however, since I came to Cardiff university to do my master degree on health care science, the attitudes of the teachers and the way the modules structured which was different form the way I used to and had influence (presage) in my view the way we teach our Operating Department Practitioners ODPs and students nurses coming to the operating theatre for their post qualification internal ship and hoping that I will introduce a change in order to assist new ODPs and nurses graduates in order to help them building their capabilities to work independently and safely, the aim of the internal ship period is to produce competent theatre practitioners in term of skills, knowledge, confidence and learning responsibility Quinn et al. (2007). Therefore a lot of effort must be utilised to help them in the transition period form students to qualified staff (Simelane et al.1997).
Each internal ship will be assigned with a mentor but also has to work with others qualified staffs, part of the contract of each staff is teaching in work place, this system was introduce to develop and support new graduates in practice and (will be called educators through out this assignment). Exposing to different educators may have an advantage for the learner to be exposed to different type of educators with different experience yet ever one expected to achieve the same objectives with each learner.
Despite the different strategies that health educators use in ODPs and nursing, a theory and practice gap still ex...
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...ning and evaluation of my learning. I have become more motivated to do the course as I have been responsible of my own learning and identifying resources for learning, therefore, have more confident in making decision.
4. Analysis: having been through the adult learning experience I have realised the roll of learner and teacher in this approach. An effective teacher can facilitate the development of independence, self confidence, learning satisfaction and help students (the learner) to critical think. This experience has taught me that there are different styles of learning and teaching that I can adopt in my future.
5. Conclusion: having been involved in teaching students in their internal ship time, the style of teaching and the experience of my undergraduate compare with the new approach in my postgraduate as an adult learning approach, I have realised now that
Due to a climbing faculty shortage, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2010) called upon nurses to attain terminal degrees, specifically the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD) and the Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP), assume the role of educator, and engage in lifelong learning. In fact, centers of professional excellence have intended to double the number of nurses with doctorates by 2020 (IOM, 2010). When advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) attain doctorates, the IOM (2010) recommendations actualize, thereby strengthening the profession at a time that is critical to reduce the faculty shortage and improve the education of the next generation of aspiring nurses to meet the evolving demands of the United States health care system (McAllister, 2011). One effective approach to enhance patient learning and nursing education is through the application of Malcolm Knowles’ (1980) Adult Learning Theory. The aims of this paper are to (1) describe the major components and uses of Knowles’ (1980) Adult Learning Theory in APRN
Adults are self-motivated. They learn best by building on what they already know and when they are actively engaged (Lindeman, 2010). The approach of adult education revolves around non-vocational ideals and is based on experience rather than subjects (Lindeman, 2010). It helps adults gain knowledge about their powers, capacities, and limitations (Funnell et al, 2012).
Transitioning the nursing education from the hospital training to the university settings led to the creation of many nursing theories. A body of knowledge, distinguishable from medicine, produced by nurses had to be decided as the standard nursing curricula. Fortunately, in 1955, Alligood (2014) narrated that the federal funds were allocated to support nurse scientists and educators to advance the nursing profession. Thus, King and Levine’s theory were among the many theories introduced at the time when nursing had to be clearly defined in its concepts and practice to guide the future generation of nurses. The following paragraphs will expound the relevance of King, Levine, and Roger’s theory
The learning process for adults is never ending and can be very challenging. As an adult educator, teaching adult learners you will face many challenges in the learning process. It is our responsibility to keep the learners engaged, and to help them to realize their full learning potential.
It is important that students have the ability of being competent in a clinical setting. To be deemed competent in skills according to nursing regulations and requirements. This is a challenging factor for many students, as they enter transition period. This is due to students feel they do not have the desired clinical competency that promotes the skills and authorities of a registered nurse (Harsin, Soroor & Soodabeh, 2012). Clinical research studies have found that students do have the required expected levels of knowledge, attitude and behaviour’s. However, the range of practical skills aren’t sufficient for the range of practice settings (Evans, 2008). This research has also found that other evidenced based studies found that competency in nursing skills is still lacking (Evans, 2008). These skills are lacked by students and newly graduated nursing how are in the first or second year of
This essay is to consider and discuss how I might apply the theories of Malcolm Knowles, in my own current or future training work. The essay will include a brief biography on Malcolm Knowles, and his theory on adult education / learning andragogy, to include definitions of andragogy and pedagogy, which has been the mainstay of all education theory for hundreds of years.
Nurses have both learning and teaching responsibilities. Continuing education for nurses is very important in order to maintain their knowledge and skills among the health care development. If it is true, that the ability of teaching is a complex process, one fundamental part of this process is the ability of the learner to receive information, process the information and carry out in practice. Learning, is a change in human ability or capability of willing to learn and act on the learning (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006); is a transformation of behaviors, existing knowledge, ability and values to change an area of need to become better as individual. When teaching how to use the EpiPen, the following components are applied and planned: detailed assessment of the learner, learner objectives, defined topic and outline for the learner, materials and teaching methods, teaching sessions with focus on an interpersonal process recording, and finally an evaluation of the teaching plan provided by return demonstration.
Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. Consequently, Lindeman and Anderson’s comparative research lead to the breakthrough of the German perception of andragogy. Their studies define andragogy as the “true method of adult learning” (1986). In 1968 at Boston University, the initial use of the term “andragogy” to attain prevalent notice of adult instructors occurred when Malcolm Knowles who at the time was an instructor of adult education, presented the term via journal article. In his 1970 book publication, he defined “andragogy” as the art and science of helping adults learn. The concept of self-directed learning, or SDL, maintained below reveals Knowles’ definition of SDL:
One theorist that is relevant to this study is Malcolm Knowles’s theory of adult learning. Though Malcom Knowles may not be the first one to introduce adult learning, he was the one that introduced andragogy in North America. (McEwen and Wills 2014). Andragogy means adult learning. The core concept of Knowles’s Adult learning theory is to create a learning environment or awareness for adults to understand why they learn .Knowles developed six main assumptions of adult learners. Those assumptions are the need to know, self- concept, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation. (McEwen and Wills, 2014)
It prepares a novice to be able to perform basic skills throughout their career. Learning is related in the classroom by simulation labs and clinical instructors. Educators consider nursing education to be serious. Their role in preparing nursing students is to convey safe practice for patients. They focus on educating students to learn the knowledge of essential care for different patients. New graduates who learn the sufficient knowledge and skills will be able to understand aspects to protect and design for the nurse and patient. Students are taught to recognize safety threats and will understand the significance of reporting errors for future prevention.
As mentioned by Hunter and Arthur (2016), one of the main reasons I could maintain and improve my practice was due to clinical placements. During clinical placements we are frequently being assessed and taught in dealing with real situations. Feelings As learning is a lifelong process, I’m sure there are many things I need to improve and learn to better myself. However, the lessons I learned during the course as a nursing student shall always remain as a bedrock for my future development.
Teaching the adult student is a great and unique responsibility; Andragogy preaches that teaching the adult learner takes a certain skill set and approach in order to be highly effective. The adult teaching theory and approach is based off the characteristics of the adult student. Andragogy views the adult learner as a very highly motivated student, a student ready and prepared to learn, and a student that comes to class with expectations of learning (Knowles 1984, pg12). With such a capable learner in the classroom the teacher must make the necessary adjustments. When teaching the adult learner, the teacher will have respect for their students and respect the fact that each student will have their own individual learning style. The teacher will also allow the adult student to experie...
Within the andragogical model described by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2015), adults need learning experiences that are different than those found in the pedagogical model. Instead of waiting for experiences that are directed and controlled by a teacher, adults need to have a clear rationale and understanding for the learning, feel past experiences are valuable, and have a developed internal system for motivation in order to help a learning experience be successful. The connection and orientation to the learning task, the readiness to learn, and self-concept are other important ideas to adult learning.
In summary, I guess I disagree with the theory that adults learn differently than children. I think we all learn the same. I think it is the strategy that is different. I believe that the role of any good educator is to guide the learner into connecting what they are learning in the classroom to their world.
Adult learning does not occur in a vacuum. What one needs or wants to learn, what opportunities are available, the manner in which one learns-all are to a large extent determined by the society in which one lives. Whenever adults are asked about their learning, they most often mention education and training programs sponsored by the workplace, colleges and universities, public schools, and other formal organizations. They first picture classrooms with “students” learning and “teachers” teaching in a highly structured format. Yet when we ask these same adults about what they have learned informally over the last year, they typically respond with descriptions of learning activities outside these formal settings. They discuss, for example, remodeling a house, which has involved everything form reading and talking...