Activation of Zero-Valent Magnesium using Acetic Acid for the Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide in Ethanol Abstract Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a cyclic peroxide, is an explosive frequently used by terrorists and amateur chemists due to the ease of synthesis and the availability of reagents. A degradation method for degrading TATP in ethanol (EtOH) was proposed using an activated, zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg) system. Different acids were tested to determine their effectiveness in activating Mg for the degradation of TATP, and short chain carboxylic acids, particularly acetic acid, were observed to have the greatest effect on the TATP degradation rate. Other ZVMg systems were also tested including ZVMg mechanically alloyed …show more content…
The TATP/EtOH solution was exposed to 0.25 g of Mg, Mg/Pd, or Mg/C. For statistical analysis, all experiments were performed in duplicate. Depending on the individual kinetic study, the different quantities of acid were added immediately after the addition of the TATP solution to the metal. Any unreacted TATP was extracted using toluene, and the reaction mixture was filtered using a nylon Puradisc® syringe filter (2 μm pore size) to remove the reacted metal. Water was added to the extracted solution to remove the EtOH from the toluene layer, and the sample was shaken for 2 min then centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 4 min. The organic layer was then removed for analysis using …show more content…
1, ZVMg in EtOH (with no acid) did not readily degrade TATP during the 4.5 hour reaction time period. Due the inactivity of ZVMg in the degradation of TATP in EtOH, attempts were made to activate the ZVMg particles in EtOH. Mg/Pd had been used to degrade TATP in a water/methanol solvent [12], thus the mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd was also tested in EtOH solvent. Similar to the ZVMg system, TATP degradation was not achieved using the mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd in EtOH (Fig. 2). Additional methods were then attempted to activate the ZVMg and Mg/Pd systems for the degradation of TATP in
In a small reaction tube, the tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.110 g, 0.28 mmol) was added into the dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (0.1 mL) and nitrobenzene (1 mL) along with a boiling stick. The color of the mixed solution was purple. The solution was then heated to reflux until it turned into a tan color. After the color change has occurred, ethanol (3 mL) was stirred into the small reaction tube. After that, the small reaction tube was placed in an ice bath until the solid was formed at the bottom of the tube. Then, the solution with the precipitate was filtered through vacuum filtration and washed with ethanol. The precipitate then was dried and weighed. The final product was dimethyl tertraphenylpthalate (0.086 g, 0.172mmol, 61.42%).
Simeen Sattar; Unified Kinetics and Equilibrium Experiment: Rate Law, Activation Energy, and Equilibrium Constant for the Dissociation of Ferroin 2011, 88, 457-460
In a separate beaker, acetone (0.587 mL, 8 mmol) and benzaldehyde (1.63 mL, 16 mmol) were charged with a stir bar and stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The beaker mixture was slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes, a small amount of the reaction mixture was spotted on a TLC plate, with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL), to monitor the decrease in benzaldehyde via a UV light. When the reaction was complete, it was chilled in an ice bath until the product precipitated, which was then vacuum filtrated. The filter cake was washed with ice-cold 95% ethanol (2 x 10 mL) and 4% acetic acid in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The solid was fluffed and vacuum filtrated for about 15 minutes. The 0.688 g (2.9 mmol, 36.8%, 111.3-112.8 °C) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and the melting point was obtained via
Physical Chemistry Laboratory Manual, Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Spring 2006.
Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
David and John Free. (26 Nov 2006). MadSci Network: Chemistry. Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-02/1171045656.Ch.r.html
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. (2013). SETAC/Rachel Carson Award - Society of environmental toxicology and chemistry. Retrieved from Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: http://www.setac.org/?SETACAwardSRachel
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The chemical history of trinitrotoluene, other wise known as TNT, Trotyl, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, and C7H5N3O6, was first made in 1863 by Joseph Wilbrand, a German chemist born in Gießen, or Giessen, on August 22, 1839 and died on June 22, 1906 (he was 66 and two months from turning 67). at the age of around 25. He had created TNT, or trinitrotoluene by putting toluene, which is C7H8, through the process of nitration. 130 mg/L TNT is soluble in water at 20˚C. The steam pressure of it, at 20˚C, is 150 Pa to 600 Pa (about 0.001 atm. to about 0.006 atm.). When the TNT explodes, it travels 6700 to 7000 (usually meters per second, at a density of 1.6 grams per centimeter cubed. In a Lead (Symbol: Pb) block test, TNT’s result is 300 milliliters /10 grams. The sensitivity to impact is 15 newton meters, the same as about 11 pound
We thank the University of Oklahoma and the chemistry faculty for providing the space, instructions, and equipment for the development of this report and experiment.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Thickett, Geoffrey. Chemistry 2: HSC course. N/A ed. Vol. 1. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2006. 94-108. 1 vols. Print.
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/
V. Amarnath, D. C. Anthony, K. Amarnath, W. M. Valentine, L. A. Wetterau, D. G. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, p. 6924-6931.
Several other studies utilized tetra isopropyl titanate (TIPT). TIPT was mixed with methanol and ethanol and refluxed, followed by a drop wise addition of distilled water. The mixture was filtered, dried and calcined to obtain white crystalline powder of Nano TiO2.. In a parallel study, TIPT was added to hydrogen peroxide, followed by addition of n-hexane and agar agar. After filtration, washing and calcination, nanoparticles were obtained. (Kale et al, 2012)