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Role and purpose of accounting information systems
oppurtunities of computerized accounting system
oppurtunities of computerized accounting system
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Financial Accounting Accounting systems is very important tool for any type business such as corporation, Partnership, and Sole proprietorship. Accounting systems is also referred to as Accounting Information system. Accounting Information systems is process of collecting and processing transaction data and communicating with decision makers. Every business should have Accounting Information system because it helps us answer questions such as should we expend our company overseas? Do we have enough payroll for our employees? Accounting information systems can also help us understand what types of inventory we should use. As we learn more about accounting information systems throughout this paper we will discuss basic structures of assets, liabilities, and stock holder’s equity. We will also discuss four basic financial statements and effects of Revenues, expenses and dividends. Finally we will also discuss difference between net income and cash flow. In order for business owners to find success they need to know a lot of skills such as knowledge about the accounting system. Without the accounting system, the business owner would not know if he is making profit or loss. An accounting system will also include: data collection, data organization, accounting database, financial statements and reports, analysis. Assets are resources with economic value that an individual, corporation or country owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide future economic benefit. Assets are recorded in the balance sheet and are generated to increase cash flow. They are the items on a balance sheet showing the book value of property owned. Assets can be anything physical such as cash, machinery, inventory, land and building. "Liabilitie... ... middle of paper ... ...per how important accounting systems has been for business such as corporation, Partnership, and Sole proprietorship. We defined what accounting information system is and how it works in business. We discussed why every business should have Accounting Information system because it helps us answer questions such as should we expend our company overseas? Do we have enough payroll for our employees? Accounting information systems can also help us understand what types of inventory we should use. As we discussed basic structures of assets, liabilities, and stock holder’s equity. We will also discussed four basic financial statements and effects of Revenues, expenses and dividends. Finally also discussed difference between net income and cash flow. We learned why business owner should have accounting information systems and what impact it could have on his business.
Financial statement users around the globe use financial statements to evaluate the performance of companies (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006). In order to locate a company’s reported assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues, statement users rely on four types of financial statements. The four financial statements include: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Statement of Cash Flows (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 6). Each of these reports provides different information to the financial statement user. The Balance Sheet reports at a point in time: a company’s assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes) and stockholder’s equity (what is left over for the owners) (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.7). The Income Statement shows whether a business made a profit (net income) during a specific period of time (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 10). The Statement of Retained Earnings illustrates what portions of the company’s earnings was paid to stockholders and retained by the company for future operations (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.12). Finally, the Statement of Cash Flows reports summarizes how a business’ “operating, investing, and financial activities caused its cash balance to change over a particular range of time” (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.13).
Accounting is a system used to provide financial information about a business or person. Accountants prepare and analyze financial records for individuals, companies, governments, or other organizations. Accounting is a basic need for every business, and the term business has been broadened to mean any operation that deals with money. That includes families and corporations, and also schools, theaters, art galleries, charitable organizations, and even some private persons. People sometimes call accounting “the language of business” because accounting data are used to detail firms activities. Accounting tells the history of a business or person in numbers.
It’s at this point that it is important to understand that the basic accounting equation is “assets = liabilities + owner’s equity” (Weygandt, et. al., 2012). This is the fundamental equation that all transactions fall under in one way or another. This equation should balance at all times. Assets are items which add value to the company such as Cash, money owed to the company, equipment, supplies, etc. (Weygandt, et. al., 2012). Liabilities are those items which cost the company money or equity such as money the company owes to employees or obligations that the company owes to other businesses (Weygandt, et. al., 2012). When the assets are added up and the liabilities are subtracted the part left over is the Owner’s Equity in the business (Weygandt, et. al., 2012). It’s how much the owner has invested in the company.
While accountants, who are usually trained to be more conservative in accounting for assets and liabilities, would like to make more reliable recognition (in my opinion, would prefer historical cost method), corporate management and investors may want more relevant information in order to make strategic or investment decision. Due to the conflicts of different parties’ needs, the choice between two accounting models may continue. Still, in addition to the choice of accounting model, the issue of information overload is getting more attention than before. Besides reliability and relevance of financial information, selection of information and the way to present it for users also matters since these factors affect the users’ ability to effectively utilize the
There are different aspects when working with financial statements. There are different financial statements within accounting. The balance sheet provides the overall picture for an organization, the income statement provides the list of revenue and expenses, the retained earnings statement appears on the balance sheet and income statement and the cash flow provides an indication on how much cash enters and leave an organization. The following paper will go further into the depths of accounting to explore the revenue recognition principle and expense recognition principal, along with the different types of revenues and expenses.
Accounting is a human activity; therefore accounting theories should consider people’s behavior with respect to accounting information. (Deegan, 2009, p.4) Hendriksen (1977, p.1) defends that accounting theory should be logical in the form of broad principles. It provides a general framework of reference by which accounting practices can be evaluated and guides the development of new practices and procedures. According to SAC 1 paragraph 12 (CPA, 2009), user needs accounting information to making resource allocation decisions. In order to provide the high quality and relevant information to achieve user needs, researchers attempt at constructing accounting theory to improve accounting practice and the quality of accounting information. (Gaffikin, 2005, p.3) Consequently, financial accounting theories come into view.
Accounting information system (AIS) perfomed a firms’s data processing tasks that gathers data describing the firms’s activities, transforms the data into information, and makes the information available to users both inside and outside the firm.
Accounting dates back as far as first centuries, is the language of business. As everything has gone through many changes, accounting has also changed many times through out the centuries. It went from the use of abacus to the most advanced softwares, and computers. With these drastic improvements nowadays accounting, financial accounting and management are facing big challenges. From the presentation of the reports to communication to the users, investors, and owners, the accounting field has gained totally a new shape from two decades ago. Today with the dynamic change in every aspect of life, the accounting field has to act fast and be able to adapt these new changes and challenges in order to survive.
I am interested in conducting research and teaching in managerial accounting, auditing and assurance services and accounting information systems. In particular, I am interested in exploring the role of accounting information systems in decision making, internal control, and auditing. In order to gain an appreciation of these and related issues, it is essential for me to have a strong grounding accounting, accounting information systems, information technology, managerial accounting, as well as gain a general economic and management perspective.
An information system is a set of interrelated subsystems that work together to collect, process, store, transform, and distribute information for planning, decisions making, and control. An information system need not be a computerized system, but the use of computer in information systems can improve the efficiency of information collection, processing, storing, transformation and distribution. An accounting information system (AIS) is the information subsystem within an organisation that accumulates information from the entity’s various subsystems and communicates it to the organisation’s information processing subsystem. The information processing subsystem is likely to be a separate department in the organisational entity that is responsible for computer hardware and software (Moscove, Simkin, & Bagranoff, 1999). The AIS has traditionally focused on collecting, processing, and communicating financial-oriented information to a company’s external parties (such as investors, creditors, and tax agencies) and internal parties (principally management). Today, however, the AIS is concerned with non-financial as well as financial data and information.
An Accounting Information System (AIS) can be defined as software that helps accountants to collect data and process it to create information ((Bagranoff, Simkin and Norman 2010)
The accounting equation is the basis which the double entry accounting system is constructed. The format of the accounting equation is assets equals to liabilities plus owner’s equity. Assets are the resources that in a company have available for use there are two types of asset which is current asset and noncurrent asset. Current asset is less than one year such as cash, bank and so on. Noncurrent asset is the asset is more than a year like building and motor vehicle. While, liabilities is accounts payable that are owed to suppliers and as a variety of accrued liabilities, such as debt payable to lenders. Owner’s equity is investors paid the amount to the company, actually is their initial investment plus the net income and minus the withdrawals from the business. Accounting equation important because it's always true and it forms the basis for all accounting
Accounting aids the government and organisations in decision making for their financial stability. This numerical data helps solve real life problems and contributes to how the economy and businesses perform.
An effective accounting system is the need of hour and it is essential for any organization to sustain in the market. Accounting system will make work faster and they create for an excellent infrastructure especially when it is software based. In this first the controller should understand about...
Years ago, most financial accounting was done manually, which caused lot of paperwork. With the achievement of computerized accounting, most accounting information can be recorded using computers gradually and saved many paper using. Paper work slows down transaction time and burdens entities with maintenance needs. By using computerized accounting method, we are no longer using manual bookkeeping, calculating, and other works. And it will analysis some portions of the accounting works that were normally complete by the human brain. It eases the burden of the level of works that an accountant has to handle and therefore it will be fewer jobs intensive and improve the quality and efficiency of the accounting work. Especially in cost accounting area, computerized accounting provides more detailed and accurate information in a timely manner, which allows accountants to develop an effective system to allocate the resources. Lots of users are using computerized accounting software, start from the smallest proprietorships to the largest of corporations. Although computerized accounting gave numerous types of advantages