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The effect of racism on athletes
The effect of racism on athletes
The effect of racism on athletes
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One, two, three! The Hurricane gets the Knockout. Rubin “Hurricane” Carter was an African American boxer whose name was spoken over well-known media programming throughout the country. Rubin Carter got the nickname of “the Hurricane” because of his fierce left hook. A New Jersey promoter by the name of Jimmy Colotto gave him this nickname when he saw him box and it has stuck with him ever since (Company). He won 21 matches in his career and overcame immense racial prejudice to achieve his life-long dreams and goals. Rubin “Hurricane” Carter was a very powerful man and was one of the African American athletes that had faced major prejudice and was accused as a murderer.
. Rubin was born on May 6, 1937 in Clifton, New Jersey (Company). At a young age Rubin had problems with some people in school and had a bad life on the streets. He was always getting involved with petty theft and street fights. Rubin’s life was good with four brothers and three sisters until he got to the age of 14. When Rubin turned 14 he was sent to a New Jersey juvenile reformatory because he had beaten a man with a glass bottle to steal his watch (Company). After Rubin was in the reformatory for a while, he decided to escape and run away and join the army. He had entered the Army at age 17 in. Rubin was first stationed in Germany with the United States army and this is when Rubin Carter first discovered boxing. When he was boxing in Germany he had a record of 51 wins out of 56 fights! 31 of these fights were decided by knockouts. When Rubin returned to the United States he started to box professionally on September 22, 1961 (Company).
Rubin Carter was always hanging around the ring to get some training in or just fight and exhibition match. Rubin had made h...
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...r of Rubin was well casted and played by Denzel Washington. Until the day that Rubin “Hurricane” Carter died he believed that he was an innocent man.
Works Cited
"Carter, Rubin." Current Biography (Bio Ref Bank) (2000): Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 16 Apr. 2014
Corbett, Ben. "Bob Dylan's Song "Hurricane" - Bob Dylan and Rubin "Hurricane" Carter." About.com Folk Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2014.
Flatter, Ron. "Story of Hurricane." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
Kelly, Mike. "What Happened That Night?." The Record (Hackensack, NJ). 26 Mar. 2000: A1+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
Raab, Selwyn. "Rubin (Hurricane) Carter, Boxer Found Wrongly Convicted, Dies at 76." The New York Times. The New York Times, 20 Apr. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
"Rubin Carter." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. 13 May 2014.
Johnson was rapidly growing in both fame and success within the boxing industry and taking over something that Jim Jeffries had secured in almost all areas in the years prior. As a great majority of the white population was growing agitated at Johnson’s success, it became clear that they wanted to have some sort of match or occurrence that could once again put them on top in the world of boxing and sports entirely. Jim Jeffries was already retired from the sport but that certainly did not stop the white population from pressing just one more matchup to try and regain what they had once held to be so important to their race and superiority complex in sports on a regular basis. With this being said, it was also equally as likely that many within the black population wanted this match to occur just as badly as the whites when it came down to it because if anyone was going to put them on top it was sure to be that of Jack Johnson (A Question of Racial Supremacy,
Clarence Earl Gideon was arrested in 1961 and charged with breaking and entering a pool hall with intent to commit theft, by taking money out of vending machines. What he did at the time was considered a felony. When it came time to have the trial he did not have enough money for a lawyer and asked that one be appointed to defend him. The judge denied the request saying that under Florida state law counsel can be appointed only in a capital offense. Since Gideon didn’t have a lawyer and was not educated to defend himself he lost easily to the prosecution. Gideon was then sentenced to five years in prison. He then filed out a writ of certiorari, which is a petition of appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States asking for them to review his case. The Court granted Gideon's request and appointed Abe Fortas to represent him as his lawyer.
“Brooks, Bruce (1950-)” UXL Junior DISCovering Authors. (2003): n. pag. Student Resource Center – Gold. Thompson Gale. Web. 23 Jan. 2010.
Jimmy Carter's one-term administration is associated with the occasions that overpowered it—expansion, vitality emergency, war in Afghanistan, and prisoners in Iran. After one term in office, voters unequivocally rejected Jimmy Carter's straightforward however melancholy standpoint for Ronald Reagan's telegenic positive thinking. In the previous two decades, in any case, there has been more extensive acknowledgment that Carter, in spite of an absence of experience, stood up to a few tremendous issues with unfaltering quality, valor, and optimism. Alongside his ancestor Gerald Ford, Carter must be given acknowledgment for restoring the equalization to the sacred framework after the abundances of the
Ferris, Richard. Telephone Interview by the Writer. April 2nd, 2010. 3:20PM. Ferris: 517-767-9507. James: 816-805-3544.
The Great Depression of the 1930’s caused widespread poverty, but the popular culture of the time did not reflect this. People wanted to escape from this harsh time so movies, dancing and sports became very popular. Radios broadcasted boxing matches and boxers became stars. The heavyweight champion James J. Braddock aka “Cinderella Man,” gained popularity. James Braddock gained fame by winning many fights and proving everyone wrong when they said he was too old and couldn’t win.
Stewart, David (1986) “Court rules against jury selection based on race” ABA Journal, July 1: 72 ABAJ 68.
O' Connor, Sandra D. "Boos v. Barry." 22 March 1988. World Wide Web. 3 March 2001.
“I'll never tell a lie. I'll never make a misleading statement. I'll never betray the confidence that any of you had in me. And I'll never avoid a controversial issue.” President Jimmy Carter said this when addressing the people. He assured them of his trustworthiness and kept to this for the whole of his presidency. Throughout his period in office, President Carter made many choices to focus on domestic affairs and handle multiple goals at a time. These are the attributes that made him, and many other presidents, effective leaders of our country.
Born in Oakville, Alabama on September 12, 1913, James Cleveland Owens would prove to be one of the greatest athletes of his time. He was the seventh child born to Henry Cleveland and Emma Alexander Owens. Being that Owens was the son of a sharecropper, a grandson of a slave and an African-American, he was treated with disrespect and indecency (Trust 1). “J.C.”, as people called him, was not born into fame and a luxurious lifestyle; however his determination and willingness to succeed made his family background seem inconsequential. Defying the beliefs of racism during his time, James Owens (later known as Jesse) was one of the first men to change the way people viewed athletes of his kind, but more importantly the people of his race.
Lennon once stated, “One thing you can’t hide is when you are crippled inside”−America presents itself as the hero of the world; however, when one looks closely they can see the crippled, black heart at her core. Racism was highlighted throughout the cold, hearted nation. According to the Ebony Magazine, the 1936 Olympics “would become a legend and would be passed on from generation to generation, growing and telling, the story of a sharecropper’s son and the grandson of slaves.” (“Jesse Owens” DISC Multicultural 1)
Crack! Back, back, back the ball goes. Home run! Who hit it? It was Jackie Robinson, the first black baseball player in the major league. Many people would agree Jackie was one of the best players to ever swing a bat. However, he faced many difficulties on his journey to becoming a professional baseball player. Without Jackie playing in the pros, baseball and civil rights wouldn’t be the way it is today. Baseball may have taken a long time to not be made up of mainly white players. Jackie was a beacon of hope to black people in the fact that they could compete and succeed in a white man’s sport.
Rubin Carter was one of many African Americans who was racially discriminated and faced with segregation for years during the mid 1900s in Paterson, New Jersey. (“Rubin Carter”) During the 1930s and early 1940s, African Americans in the south were stuck in a sharecropping system where they would work extremely hard for only a percentage of the money the crop made. ("Great Migration.")The Sharecropper still treated them poorly and they wanted to escape from this system immediately. So the Great Migration began, which was when African Americans started to migrate to the North from the South in large groups. ("Great Migration.") Although there was not a huge amount of serious segregation like schools or public restrooms during this time, African Americans still dealt with it. Rubin Carter was twice wrongly convicted of a triple murder and imprisoned for almost twenty years because of his race. (“Rubin Carter”) He was wrongly accused because he and his friend fit the description of the killers, which was “two negroes in a white car.” In the North, such as New Jersey racial segregation was becoming more intense in the end of the 1940s. Schools wer...
From zero to hero, that would be one way to sum up James Earl “Jimmy” Carter, Jr. the 39th President of the United States’ career. Although his time in office was regarded by many as a total disaster, it was his post-presidency work that would show the world his abilities as a visionary leader with unequalled ethics. His creation of the Carter Center in 1982, paved the way for international conflict resolution for over 3 decades and would ultimately net him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. I will now explain what makes him a visionary and ethical leader as well as how it relates to me.
Caldwell, Earl. “Angela Davis Acquitted on All Charges.” The New York Times 5 June 1972, C1+. Web.