INTRODUCTION Camphor is a trepenoid compound, meaning that it is derived from five-carbon isoprenes. Common uses of Camphor include insect repellent, fireworks and culinary purposes. In acetic acid, a secondary alcohol is converted to camphor following an oxidation reduction reaction. Sodium Borohydride is then used to give an isomeric alcohol, meaning that it has the same chemical formula as another molecule but has a different chemical structure. Since ketones can be easily reduced by metal hydrides such as LiALH4 and NaBH4, they are often used in reducing carbonyl groups. For this experiment sodium bromide is used as the reducing agent, which will reduce camphor to produce two products, namely borneol and isoborneol. For the reaction to …show more content…
Figure 2: Illustrates the NMR of the Isoborneol/Borneol. Area under curve represent ratio of % bornol vs % isoborneol As shown in figure 2, the percentage of each isomeric alcohol in the mixture had been determined. The hydrogen atom on the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group appear at around 4.0 ppm for borneol and 3.6 ppm for isoborneol. The product ratio has been determined by integrating the peaks. A ratio of 6:1 for the Isoborneol/borneol ratio was expected and is validated by the calculations shown above, with isoborneol percentage at 83.82% and 16.17% of borneol. A CHCl3 group noted at around 7ppm and a CH2Cl2 at around 3.5ppm. Figure 3: Represents the gas chromatography of the isomers Borneol/Isoborneol. As shown in figure 3, the isoborneol accounted for roughly 35.51% of the compound with a peak at 12.515, while the borneol which peaks at 12.619 accounts for roughly 8.67% of the mixture
2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%. This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a good yield because part of this experiment is an equilibrium reaction. Hypochlorite must be used in excess to push the reaction to the right. Also, there were better ways to do this experiment where higher yields could have been produced. For example PCC could have been used. However, because of its toxic properties, its use is restricted. The purpose of this experiment was to determine which of the 3 compounds was formed from the starting material. The third compound was the oxidation of both alcohols. This could not have been my product because of the results of my IR. I had a broad large absorption is the range of 3200 to 3500 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of an alcohol. If my compound had been fully oxidized then there would be no such alcohol present. Also, because of my IR, I know that my compound was one of the other 2 compounds because of the strong sharp absorption at 1705 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of a carbonyl. Also, my 2,4-DNP test was positive. Therefore I had to prove which of the two compounds my final product was. The first was the oxidation of the primary alcohol, forming an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol. This could not have been my product because the Tollen’s test. My test was negative indicating no such aldehyde. Also, the textbook states that aldehydes show 2 characteristic absorption’s in the range of 2720-2820 wavenumbers. No such absorption’s were present in my sample. Therefore my final product was the oxidation of the secondary alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone
Another simple improvement to the experiment could have been the addition of time to procedure A as well as possibly increasing the time heated under reflux. Since the entire procedure B had to be completed before the period of reflux was done, some of the steps and processes involved in procedure B were rushed or not given the adequate time allowed to produce the best sample of product. In general, the laboratory experiment was successful and turned out well to find that the bromide ion was the better nucleophile to both the n-butyl alcohol as well slightly toward the t-pentyl alcohol used in the
Based on the Rf values, the isolated samples can also be considered pure. The Rf value for the reference benzoic acid was calculated to be 0.33, and the value of the benzoic acid was 0.52, there is a difference in these two values, but this was due to smearing or streaking, but there are similarities in the spots. The Rf value for the reference benzocaine was calculated to be 0.31, and the Rf of the benzocaine was 0.29, which indicated very similar vales, which indicated that the isolated sample was indeed pure, and very similar to the reference compound.
Purpose/Introduction: In this experiment, four elimination reactions were compared and contrasted under acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOC(CO3)3) conditions. Acid-catalyzed dehydration was done on 2-butanol and 1-butanol; a 2o and 1o alcohol, respectively. The base-induced dehydrobromination was performed on 2-bromobutane and 1-bromobutane isomeric halides. The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the four reactions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine product distribution (assuming that the amount of each product in the gas mixture is proportional to the area under its complementary GC peak).
The late sixties were a time filled with sex, drugs, and rock and roll. A huge part of American culture at the time was focused around these three things. Musicians possessed a tremendous amount of social influence, and like wise, society put a lot of emphasis on the lives and attitudes of musicians. Of the rock groups from this time period, the Beatles were by far the most influential. The British rock group was probably the most catalytic band in rock and roll history. Although they came together in the shadow of the Beatles, another band of that era was Jefferson Airplane. Jefferson Airplane was deemed the first of the San Francisco psychedelic rock groups. Jefferson Airplane was always considered to be a psychedelic rock group, but it was not until later in their existence that the Beatles fell into this category as well. Both groups earned this title for their creative style of rock as well as for their experimentation with drugs. Each of these groups wrote songs that alluded to drug use at one time or another. Two of the most criticized songs from these bands are Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles, and White Rabbit by Jefferson Airplane. White Rabbit is a song latent with drug references. The connection with drugs in Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds is not as clear. Although John Lennon claims that he had no intention of making references to LSD in his song, the abstract lyrics and metaphoric language invite drug connotation. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and White Rabbit mirror each other in their association with LSD and their allusions to Alice in Wonderland, but looking into these songs more deeply it is obvious that both artists were writing about escape; escaping reality.
The goal of this experiment is to determine which products are formed from elimination reactions that occur in the dehydration of an alcohol under acidic and basic conditions. The process utilized is the acid-catalyzed dehydration of a secondary and primary alcohol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol, and the base-induced dehydrobromination of a secondary and primary bromide, 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. The different products formed form each of these reactions will be analyzed using gas chromatography, which helps understand stereochemistry and regioselectivity of each product formed.
...icted α-methyl-2-naphthalenemethanol. Probably the most obvious clue that corresponded to this secondary alcohol was the seven integrated hydrogens within the aromatic region of 7.5-7.9 ppm. This compound was the only one that had seven hydrogens belonging to naphthalene. The other two secondary alcohols 3-methoxy-α-methylbenzyl alcohol and 4-bromo-α-methylbenzyl alcohol have only four aromatic hydrogens.
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
Once the mixture had been completely dissolved, the solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. The solution was then extracted twice using 5.0 mL of 1 M
The product was made from 4-methylcyclohexanol. The chemical, 4-methylcyclohexanol is used in industrial settings. In 2014, West Virginia was exposed to this chemical in drinking water. Since this chemical is used to wash coal of its impurities, it was unsafe to drink the water as well as take a shower (CNN). Similarly, 4-methylcyclohexanol has a strong smell which may cause people to have symptoms like vomiting, skin irritation, and trouble breathing. Diesel is also replaced by 4-methylcyclohexanol (National Geographic).
..., and is immiscible with water. Since there was not clear distinct two layers after steam distillation, extraction was used to separate the eugenol from water thus, steam distillation is not an effective way to isolate eugenol by itself. In order to determine how pure the isolated eugenol was, TLC was performed and compared to the standard and 1H NMR of the isolated eugenol and standard were compared to conclude that the extracted compound was eugenol with some impurities.
head group is attached to one of the glycerol hydroxyls with addition to the two hydrocarbon fatty
Alcohol is an ethanol containing substance that is a common beverage in many social and private settings. Alcohol is also a teratogen, therefore alcohol co...
...heir chemical composition (Bevelacqua et al., 2011; Rodushkina and Magnusson, 2005; Ros et al., 2007; Tangahu et al., 2011).