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Essays on the naacp organization
Essays on the naacp organization
Essays on the naacp organization
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In the book “Redefining the Color Line”, the author John A. Kirk gives an in depth look into what life was like for people of Arkansas before and during the integration process. The book also discusses the “Little Rock Nine” and their trials and tribulations leading up and during the integration into Central High School. Kirk has three main points that he wants his readers to understand. The first being how important the black activists’ roles were from 1940-1970, the second is how the black activists played a role in Little Rock, and third Kirk wants his readers to understand the “black struggle that unfolded over three decades” in Little Rock schools. The author John Kirk starts out by explaining what life was like in Little Rock before the 1940’s for blacks, their world was segregated in all aspects. Kirk points out that the African American population did not receive fair pay as compared to their white counter-parts doing the same work. Kirk states that the leaders in Little Rock took a modest approach in combating the segregation, they did not protest. Kirk also points out that the NAACP didn’t make things any better; instead they only compounded the problem. “Compounding these problems was the NAACP’s continued lack of interest in the state, which denied Arkansas blacks a possible antidote to the stagnation of local black leadership” (pg.25). The ANDA and CNO were the first two organizations to really make a push for equality, The ANDA fought to get Black Democrats the right to vote during the primary elections, they won their case. The CNO was created by William Flowers in order to “encourage black participation in the political process” (pg.27). Kirk says “the success of Flowers and the CNO was the inc... ... middle of paper ... ...r role as an activist and a spokesperson for the blacks of Little Rock. The NAACP started to get attacked all around the south “whites believe that if the could put a stop to NAACP activities, they could put an end to agitation for change” (pg.138). Due to this harassment the NAACP involvement was cut severely by 1960. Even though blacks reached success in fighting for equality “ Blacks could not rest until they had fully realized the goal of freedom and equality in Arkansas” (pg.184). The struggle continued and did not end in 1970; it carried on for many more years. In the end “The black community was simply no longer prepared to accept second-class citizenship and was ready to take a stand for what the people believe to be rightfully theirs” (pg.184). Kirk does a marvelous job of showing the side of Arkansas that we seem to forget or not even know about.
middle of paper ... ... The NAACP was a coalition of black and white radicals which sought to remove legal barriers to full citizenship for Negroes. DuBois was one of the founding members of the organization.
The environmental perspectives drawn in this chapter allows the reader to see just how difficult the daily task of going to school was on Linda. The color line not only kept African-Americans out of the arena of education, but it also hindered their ability to live sufficient lives due to the environmental hardships they endured. The author also shared insight on the African-Americans known as Exodusters, who were freed slaves displaced after the Civil War that migrated to Topeka Kansas that made up the populations of Tennesseetown in Mudtown. The color line dispute came to a head in 1950 with the case of” Brown versus the Board of Education of Topeka.” This controversial case was tried in the Supreme Court with the decision being made to end all segregated schools allowing African-American children to go to the same schools afforded to white
In 1950's America, there was a uprising that would sculpt the world into the place we now inhabit. The particular event in question is one concerning the black communities plight in 1950's America, with names such such as Rosa Parks, Emmett Till and (most importantly), Elizabeth Eckford Heading the list of names who took a stand, and, in turn, made America the place it is today. As the years went by, details of the many riots the segregation incurred were documented. The focus of this essay will be on a particular documentation titled 'The Long Shadow of Little Rock', a book published in 1962 on what happened to Elizabeth Eckford in Little Rock, Arkansas. However, just what can we learn from this Document?
Neil McMillen’s book, Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow categorically examines the plight of African Americans living in Mississippi during the era of Jim Crow. McMillen, a professor at the University of Southern Mississippi, describes the obstacles that African Americans dealt with in the fields of education, labor, mob violence, and politics. Supplementing each group with data tables, charts and excerpts from Southern newspapers of the day, McMillen saturates the reader with facts that help to understand the problems faced by black Mississippians in the years after Reconstruction.
The book, the Strange Career of Jim Crow is a wonderful piece of history. C. Vann Woodard crafts a book that explains the history of Jim Crow and segregation in simple terms. It is a book that presents more than just the facts and figures, it presents a clear and a very accurate portrayal of the rise and fall of Jim Crow and segregation. The book has become one of the most influential of its time earning the praise of great figures in Twentieth Century American History. It is a book that holds up to its weighty praise of being “the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.” The book is present in a light that is free from petty bias and that is shaped by a clear point of view that considers all facts equally. It is a book that will remain one of the best explanations of this time period.
The Jim Crow Laws were the basis of everyday interactions between black and white people in the South. Melba Beals and the other “Little Rock Nine” braving the walk towards the doors of Central High School and several other landmark events spearheading the demise of these laws. In the book “Warriors Don’t Cry”, Melba Beals recalls her life during the 1950’s in America. In the south, more specifically Little Rock, the Jim Crow laws were no longer contested.
The Ocean Hill Brownsville school controversy was a case study of race relations during the 1960’s. This predominantly black area wished to have jurisdiction over their schools’ operations and curricula. In 1967, the superintendent of schools granted Ocean Hill Brownsville “community control” of their district. The Board of Education’s action was part of a new decentralization policy that wanted to disperse New York City’s political powers locally. Once in place, the Unit Administrator, Rhody McCoy, fired several teachers inciting one of the most profound racial standoffs in the city’s history. The evolution of the national civil rights movement parallels the changing attitudes of blacks involved in Ocean Hill Brownsville. In addition, evidence of differing theories concerning assimilation to the American ethnicity is portrayed through the actions of the participants.
Martin Luther King once said, "we must live together as brothers or perish as fools." This statement illuminates the importance of the features of concern, compassion, and knowledge. The color of a person’s skin tone would result in harsh and unfair treatment. Even though they would be alienated by their peers and others, many African Americans chose to stand up for their rights. These truths were revealed when the famous little rock nine took their courageous stand regardless of their odds. In the novel, Warriors don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals and a Roundtable discussion facilitated by NBC news, the disturbing truths behind the struggles of integration are brought to life.
Also, although Little Rock was seen as a success, as the President was behind the blacks, after the incident was over, Governor Faubus closed all schools in Little Rock until 1959 as he would prefer there to be no schools than desegregated schools. This shows that there was always a way for the whites to get around desegregation without much attention being paid to it.
Throughout the Novel Warriors Don’t Cry by Melba Beals, the story of the Little Rock nine was told in great depth. Because of the fact that most history textbooks just talk about how integration of schools was difficult, most don’t know how severe the issue actually was. By reading this novel, not only did I learn the true details of what happened to the Little Rock nine but also gained the knowledge of the personal experience of Melba.
It was at a weekly NAACP meeting, where Bates’ charm and beauty convinced nine Little Rock parents to buy into the proposition of challenging the racist authorities to effectively coerce the Arkansas governor along with the Arkansas Public School System to desegregate its Central High School. The nine students would be withdrawn from their respective schools to enroll in the Little Rock Central High School. The children were instructed by Bates, who viewed these behaviors as tremendous social
In the book Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals, the author describes what her reactions and feelings are to the racial hatred and discrimination she and eight other African-American teenagers received in Little Rock, Arkansas during the desegregation period in 1957. She tells the story of the nine students from the time she turned sixteen years old and began keeping a diary until her final days at Central High School in Little Rock. The story begins by Melba talking about the anger, hatred, and sadness that is brought up upon her first return to Central High for a reunion with her eight other classmates. As she walks through the halls and rooms of the old school, she recalls the horrible acts of violence that were committed by the white students against her and her friends.
John A. Kirk, History Toady volume 52 issue 2, The Long Road to Equality for African-Americans
...ners they continued to fight. As more and more African American students were admitted into white Southern schools, segregationist continued to retaliate and defend their schools against them. No matter how difficult the situation turned out for some of them, and without much help from the government, African Americans did everything they possibly could to protect their educational rights for the sake of their future and success, and in the hope of promoting equality for all African American people of the United States. These students became the symbol of freedom and opened up the window of opportunity for all black people, for their ancestors, and for the future generations to come.